Cell structure terms to know
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Cell | the basic unit of life. all living things made of cells. smallest thing alive
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| unicellular | single celled organisms. ex:bacteria
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| multicellular | organism made of may specialized cells ex:human tree fish
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| organelles | tiny structures that make up a cell ex:cell wall, cell membrane
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| cell wall | found in plant cells, not animal cells. provides protection and support for the cell. does not control what goes in.
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| nucleus | controls all the cells activities. contains a complete set of DNA. looks like large dark ball
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| cell membrane | controls what goes in and out of the cell. located just inside cell wall for plant cells. forms outer covering for animal cells. provides protection and support for the cell. allows for homeostasis within the cell.
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| chromosomes | thick rod like objects in the nucleus. made of coiled DNA. passes on traits to new cells.
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| cytoplasm | clear thick jelly like substance that fills the cell. the cell organelles float in it.
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| endoplasmic reticulum | a system of passages that lead from the nucleus out into the cell. most ribosomes are located here. carries proteins made by the ribosomes throughout the cell. looks like a maze around the nucleus.
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| Ribosome | make proteins for cell growth and repair. most are attached to the ER and others float throughout the cell. looks like small black dots.
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| mitochondria | oval structure which supplies most of the energy for the cell. called the "powerhouse" of the cell. looks like a sausage with zig zags.
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| Golgi bodies | receives protein from ER , packages and sends them throughout the cell. looks like a stack of pancakes.
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| Vacuoles | large round sacks. storage tanks for food, water, or waste. Plant cells have a very large one in the center, some animals have some small ones. looks like clear bubbles
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| lysosomes | found in animal cells and some plant cells. break down food into particles. digest old cell parts.
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| Chloroplasts | green structures only found in plant cells. contain chlorophyll which take in the sun's energy and make food. look like green jelly beans.
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| Chlorophyll | a green pigment in chloroplasts which takes in sunlight and produces food for the plant.
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| Prokaryotes | Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus. the DNA is out in the cytoplasm ex:bacteria
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| Eukaryotes | Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus. all organisms except bacteria.
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