Classics Nov 16
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| American character shaped by what? moral, ethics, religion | Puritan
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| 1st/most famous Puritan group | 1620 Cape Cod
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| Everyday/spiritual worlds combined | Puritan
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| Who are Puritans? | Protestant groups, purify Church of England, want simple forms of worship b/c personal experience, gov shouldnt get involved
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| Puritan: most of humanity | sin, but God sent Jesus to save some
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| Puritan: fuzzy lines between.. | saved or sinners
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| Puritan values | self-reliance, industriousness, temperence, simplicity
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| Mayflower compact = ground for... | constitutional democracy
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| Puritan: Saints should influence... | the gov
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| Puritan Bible | connect to your life, model for writing (simple), life is a journey to salvation, literal word of God, emphasize education, read and understand theological debates = necessity, close watch on inner/outer events
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| Age of REason | Enlightenment
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| Rationalism | humans can arrive at truth w/ reason instead of past, faith, or intuition, human history marked by progress to perfecter existence
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| Isaac Newton | God vs. clockmaker, earth runs on its own, God gave humans reason - think in ordered, locical manner
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| Cotton Mather? | Puritan minister, natural science and medicine, 1st scholarly essay on smallpox medicine, sin =cause of sickness, inoculation- method to deal with smallpox==OPPOSED b/c from Muslims
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| Cotton Mather contradiction | he is a Puritan and a practical scientist
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| REAlism is a practical approach to social change & scientific research... it caused... | an urge to experiment
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| PUritan: God reveals himself | to certain people, possible for ALL to discover natural laws through reason
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| Deism | unite all religions, people are naturally good, God's objective = happieness, dont worship, but do good to others
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| Self Made Americans lit. | practical, political, organize/govern a nation
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| ex of Self Made American lit. | Autobiography by Ben Franklin
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| Salem Witchcraft Trials | Mass, doctor diagnosed, accused others, trials, delusion?
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| Puritan | 1620-1800
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| American Romanticism | 1800-1860
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| Autobiography by Ben Franklin (rationalism) | goals = independence, prosperity, commerce, urban civilization, journey to Philadelphia ( success, self-realization)
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| Arthur Mervyn by ?? and what type? | Charles Brockden Brown, Romanticism
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| Arthur Mervyn | Journey to Phil., plague- ridden world of decay, corruption, evil
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| Characteristic Romantic Journey | countryside, independence, moral clarity, healthful living
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| Romanticism author | Brown, Poe, Irving, Whittier, Holmes, Dickinson, Thoreau, Melville, Hawthorne, Longfellow, Whitman, Cooper
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| Poe | Romanticism, Gothc, journey of imagination
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| Rip van Winkle by Washington IRving | 1st truly professional writer, immortal story about escape from civilization and responsibility
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| American Romanticism | journey away from corruption of civilization, limits of rational thought, integrity of nature and freedom of imagination
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| WAshington Irving | Rip van Winkle, The Sketch Book of Geoffry Crayon, Gent
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| John Greenleaf Whittier | Justice and Expediency
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| Oliver Wendell Holmes | Old Ironsides
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| Poe writings | The RAven and Other Poems
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| Henry David Thoreau | Walden
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| Herman Melville | Moby Dick; or the Whale
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| Nathaniel Hawthorne | The Scarlet Letter
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| Henry Wadsworth Longfellow | The Courtshi of Miles Standish
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| Walt Whitman | Leaves of Grass
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| Life 1800-1860 biggest city | NYC
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| Life 1800-1860 where? | tenement buildings, streets- dirty
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| Life 1800-1860 travel by? | horses, injured, collapsed, malnutrition, overwork, left to die on curb, disease( cholera epidemic)
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| Life 1800-1860 violence | children , gangs, riots
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| Life 1800-1860 William Cullen Bryants idea | Central Park
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| Romanticism celebrates imagination | value feeling/int/youth innocence>reason,edu sophistication, art infl, Eur, against rat(lmts), nature, worth of indiv, wisdom of past, supernat, poetry=^est expression, myth, legend, folk culture inspiration, science destroys truth seek, faith inner exper
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| Romantic Escapism to Higher Realms/Truth | Exotic settings in natural past, push away dull reality to reveal underlying beauty/truth
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| Poe explores | psycological human mind//Gothic
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| Romanticism & Puritan similar | drew morals from nature, BUT PUritans found God in nature & Ro= generalized emotional/intellectual
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| American Novel | New style/no limits!, as expanded, nationalism
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| Powerful role in Am Novel | Town, country, grontier
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| James Fenimore Cooper | Precaution, The Spy, The Pioneers
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| Stereotype of America b/c of lit. | unsophisticated/uncivilized
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| Praise English writers | Holmes and Hawthorne
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| Defend Am writers | Mathews and Melville
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| Melville writings | Typee, Moby-Dick
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| Typee | dif. backgrounds become friends
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| Moby-Dick, Typee | darkside to humanity
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| Renaissance | rebirth, coming of age
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| Lyceum movement | self improvement, intellectual inquiry, edu. adults, training, Ralph Waldo Emerson (speaker)
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| Horace Mann | improve public edu
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| Dorothea Dix | relieve conditions in institutions (mental)
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| William Lloyd Garrison | end slavery
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| Eliz Peabody, Margaret Fuller, Emma Willard | womens rights
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| Utopian projects | create more perfect society
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| Transcendental Club | Emersons utopian group, Immanuel Kant, self must go beyond everyday human experience, intuition to discover truth
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| Transcendentalism | idealism, true reality underlays phys appearance, human perfectability
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| 1850 | military heroes, baseball, cornhusking contests, quilting bees, shorter, die 40, tuberculosis, black plague, big cities-Botson, NY, Phil, Balt, Charleston, marry 13, less crowded
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| Influential Transcendentalism | Thoreau
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| Renaissance | God revealed himself through bible, phys world, everything is a reflection of God, individualism,
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| Ex of God revealing himself (Renaissance) | Bradford-saw death of abusive sailor, Bradstreet-God in nature, fire, Edwards- Gods wisdom, love and purity in sun, moon, mystical world
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| Renaissance views on tragic events | explained spiritually, death-simple part of life, evil b/c separated from God,
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| Anti-Trans. | Hawthorne, Poe, Melville
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| Romanticism and Trans | value intuition, signs in human events
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| Romanticism uses | symbolism
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| Trans doesnt agree | spiritual facts behind nature, ignore darkside
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| Trans explores | good vs. evil, guilt vs. sin
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| Realism when | Civil war/post war (1861-5)
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| Idealism authors | Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne
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| Concord Hymn, begin Am revolution | Emerson
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| Walt Whitman | volunteer hospital visitor, wrote to wounded's loved ones, Song of Myself, optimisitic opinion of human character, Drum Taps, Specimen, Days and Collect
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| Melville | Pessimism, The Plazza Tales, Bartle by the Scrivener, Battle Pieces and Aspects of the War
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| War in LIt | diaries, letters, rare, Ernest Hemingway went to war for purpose of writing about it
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