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4 Stages
Classics Nov 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| American character shaped by what? moral, ethics, religion | Puritan |
| 1st/most famous Puritan group | 1620 Cape Cod |
| Everyday/spiritual worlds combined | Puritan |
| Who are Puritans? | Protestant groups, purify Church of England, want simple forms of worship b/c personal experience, gov shouldnt get involved |
| Puritan: most of humanity | sin, but God sent Jesus to save some |
| Puritan: fuzzy lines between.. | saved or sinners |
| Puritan values | self-reliance, industriousness, temperence, simplicity |
| Mayflower compact = ground for... | constitutional democracy |
| Puritan: Saints should influence... | the gov |
| Puritan Bible | connect to your life, model for writing (simple), life is a journey to salvation, literal word of God, emphasize education, read and understand theological debates = necessity, close watch on inner/outer events |
| Age of REason | Enlightenment |
| Rationalism | humans can arrive at truth w/ reason instead of past, faith, or intuition, human history marked by progress to perfecter existence |
| Isaac Newton | God vs. clockmaker, earth runs on its own, God gave humans reason - think in ordered, locical manner |
| Cotton Mather? | Puritan minister, natural science and medicine, 1st scholarly essay on smallpox medicine, sin =cause of sickness, inoculation- method to deal with smallpox==OPPOSED b/c from Muslims |
| Cotton Mather contradiction | he is a Puritan and a practical scientist |
| REAlism is a practical approach to social change & scientific research... it caused... | an urge to experiment |
| PUritan: God reveals himself | to certain people, possible for ALL to discover natural laws through reason |
| Deism | unite all religions, people are naturally good, God's objective = happieness, dont worship, but do good to others |
| Self Made Americans lit. | practical, political, organize/govern a nation |
| ex of Self Made American lit. | Autobiography by Ben Franklin |
| Salem Witchcraft Trials | Mass, doctor diagnosed, accused others, trials, delusion? |
| Puritan | 1620-1800 |
| American Romanticism | 1800-1860 |
| Autobiography by Ben Franklin (rationalism) | goals = independence, prosperity, commerce, urban civilization, journey to Philadelphia ( success, self-realization) |
| Arthur Mervyn by ?? and what type? | Charles Brockden Brown, Romanticism |
| Arthur Mervyn | Journey to Phil., plague- ridden world of decay, corruption, evil |
| Characteristic Romantic Journey | countryside, independence, moral clarity, healthful living |
| Romanticism author | Brown, Poe, Irving, Whittier, Holmes, Dickinson, Thoreau, Melville, Hawthorne, Longfellow, Whitman, Cooper |
| Poe | Romanticism, Gothc, journey of imagination |
| Rip van Winkle by Washington IRving | 1st truly professional writer, immortal story about escape from civilization and responsibility |
| American Romanticism | journey away from corruption of civilization, limits of rational thought, integrity of nature and freedom of imagination |
| WAshington Irving | Rip van Winkle, The Sketch Book of Geoffry Crayon, Gent |
| John Greenleaf Whittier | Justice and Expediency |
| Oliver Wendell Holmes | Old Ironsides |
| Poe writings | The RAven and Other Poems |
| Henry David Thoreau | Walden |
| Herman Melville | Moby Dick; or the Whale |
| Nathaniel Hawthorne | The Scarlet Letter |
| Henry Wadsworth Longfellow | The Courtshi of Miles Standish |
| Walt Whitman | Leaves of Grass |
| Life 1800-1860 biggest city | NYC |
| Life 1800-1860 where? | tenement buildings, streets- dirty |
| Life 1800-1860 travel by? | horses, injured, collapsed, malnutrition, overwork, left to die on curb, disease( cholera epidemic) |
| Life 1800-1860 violence | children , gangs, riots |
| Life 1800-1860 William Cullen Bryants idea | Central Park |
| Romanticism celebrates imagination | value feeling/int/youth innocence>reason,edu sophistication, art infl, Eur, against rat(lmts), nature, worth of indiv, wisdom of past, supernat, poetry=^est expression, myth, legend, folk culture inspiration, science destroys truth seek, faith inner exper |
| Romantic Escapism to Higher Realms/Truth | Exotic settings in natural past, push away dull reality to reveal underlying beauty/truth |
| Poe explores | psycological human mind//Gothic |
| Romanticism & Puritan similar | drew morals from nature, BUT PUritans found God in nature & Ro= generalized emotional/intellectual |
| American Novel | New style/no limits!, as expanded, nationalism |
| Powerful role in Am Novel | Town, country, grontier |
| James Fenimore Cooper | Precaution, The Spy, The Pioneers |
| Stereotype of America b/c of lit. | unsophisticated/uncivilized |
| Praise English writers | Holmes and Hawthorne |
| Defend Am writers | Mathews and Melville |
| Melville writings | Typee, Moby-Dick |
| Typee | dif. backgrounds become friends |
| Moby-Dick, Typee | darkside to humanity |
| Renaissance | rebirth, coming of age |
| Lyceum movement | self improvement, intellectual inquiry, edu. adults, training, Ralph Waldo Emerson (speaker) |
| Horace Mann | improve public edu |
| Dorothea Dix | relieve conditions in institutions (mental) |
| William Lloyd Garrison | end slavery |
| Eliz Peabody, Margaret Fuller, Emma Willard | womens rights |
| Utopian projects | create more perfect society |
| Transcendental Club | Emersons utopian group, Immanuel Kant, self must go beyond everyday human experience, intuition to discover truth |
| Transcendentalism | idealism, true reality underlays phys appearance, human perfectability |
| 1850 | military heroes, baseball, cornhusking contests, quilting bees, shorter, die 40, tuberculosis, black plague, big cities-Botson, NY, Phil, Balt, Charleston, marry 13, less crowded |
| Influential Transcendentalism | Thoreau |
| Renaissance | God revealed himself through bible, phys world, everything is a reflection of God, individualism, |
| Ex of God revealing himself (Renaissance) | Bradford-saw death of abusive sailor, Bradstreet-God in nature, fire, Edwards- Gods wisdom, love and purity in sun, moon, mystical world |
| Renaissance views on tragic events | explained spiritually, death-simple part of life, evil b/c separated from God, |
| Anti-Trans. | Hawthorne, Poe, Melville |
| Romanticism and Trans | value intuition, signs in human events |
| Romanticism uses | symbolism |
| Trans doesnt agree | spiritual facts behind nature, ignore darkside |
| Trans explores | good vs. evil, guilt vs. sin |
| Realism when | Civil war/post war (1861-5) |
| Idealism authors | Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne |
| Concord Hymn, begin Am revolution | Emerson |
| Walt Whitman | volunteer hospital visitor, wrote to wounded's loved ones, Song of Myself, optimisitic opinion of human character, Drum Taps, Specimen, Days and Collect |
| Melville | Pessimism, The Plazza Tales, Bartle by the Scrivener, Battle Pieces and Aspects of the War |
| War in LIt | diaries, letters, rare, Ernest Hemingway went to war for purpose of writing about it |
Created by:
k1s
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