ch 4
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| show | our awareness of various cognitive processes, such as sleeping, dreaming, concentrating, & making decisions. Describes alertness, awareness of various mental processes
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| show | includes all thoughts, feelings, & perceptions that occur when we are awake & reasonably alert. They’re usually action or plan-oriented & tuned into the external environment. Encompasses thoughts, feelings, & perceptions.
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| show | mental state that differs noticeably from normal waking consciousness. I’m detached from external environment. EX: sleep, daydreaming, & dreaming occur routinely even spontaneously. Mind-altering drugs such as alcohol, medication, & hypnosis.
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| What is stream of consciousness revisited? | show 🗑
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| show | that the consciousness is a mental representation & activity that lie below the surface( Sigmund Freud), many contemporary psychs. Rejects idea that people are driven by unconscious urges. uses words as "NONCONSCIOUSNESS" to describe sensations/perception
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| show | many psychs view consciousness as highly adaptive(pinker 1997), that human survival depends upon my ability to get along with the group.
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| show | shifts in attention away from here-& now into private world of make believe. Surges every 90min/peaks from 12-2pm, average person daydreams half of working hours. dreams are variations on a central theme: thoughts & images of unfulfilled goals & wishes
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| What is sleep? | show 🗑
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| What are Circadian Cycles? | show 🗑
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| show | ancient & fundamental adaptation to the 24 hr solar cycle of light & dark in humans, other animals, plants, & even one celled organisms.
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| show | an innate mechanism that controls the physiological activities of an organism that change on a regular cycle.
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| What is the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus? | show 🗑
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| What is Desynchronization? | show 🗑
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| show | “ going to sleep” means losing awareness & failing to respond to stimulus that would produce a response in the waking state
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| show | in stage 3 or 4 of NREM sleep,scary dreams that occur, person is hard to awaken & they don’t remember the content in the morning. People usually can’t be awakened, & they will push anyone trying to comfort them, Occurs more often if the person is tired.
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| What are nightmares? | show 🗑
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| What do nightmares & night terrors have in common? | show 🗑
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| show | as many as 35 million Americans, cant fall/remain asleep. happens out of stressful events/only temporary. Treatments can cause problems . Ex: presc meds can cause anxiety, no memory, hallucinate violence. Causes of insomnia: psych disorders such as depre
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| What is Apnea? | show 🗑
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| show | sleep disorder,by sudden nodding off durin the day & sudden loss of muscle tone follow moments of emotional excit: Ex: joke, anger, sexual all bring on the muscle paralysis. Associated with deep sleep, arises from a defect in the central nervous system.
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| What are some random sleep facts? | show 🗑
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| What are dreams? | show 🗑
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| How many dreams does the average person have? | show 🗑
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| What % of dreams occur in NREM that represent normal waking consciousness? | show 🗑
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| What doesn't initiate dreams? | show 🗑
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| How long do dreams last? | show 🗑
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| show | have brief dreams that involve animals, but images are usually unrelated to each other & there is hardly any emotion, narrative, or story line.
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| What types of dreams do children 7-9 have? | show 🗑
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| show | dreams are more adult like, narratives w/story lines, other people play important roles, & there are many verbal exchanges as well as motor activity.
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| More on Sigmund freud (1900)regarding dreams | show 🗑
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| What are psychoactive drugs? | show 🗑
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| Where/when was marijuana found? | show 🗑
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| show | • Natives in Andes Mtns of South America chew leaves of coca plants ( contain cocaine) as a stimulant-custom dating back at least the Inca Empire 15th century.
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| show | 19th century Europeans added coca to wine, tea, & lozenges.
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| show | added laudanaum- opium dissoleved in alcohol was main ingredient, many over the counter( or patient) meds.
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| show | • 1886 Atlanta pharmacist took coca leaves, caffeine cola nuts from west Africa, cane sugar syrup, & carbonated water= Coca-Cola.
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| show | • 1492 Christopher Colombus discovered tobacco which native Americans used or religious/medical purposes.
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| show | • Late Stone age groups created mead( fermented honey with sap or fruit)-10,000 years ago, Egyptians, Babylonians, Greeks, & Romans viewed wine as “gift from gods”
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| show | Religious recitals, medicine, tonics, nutrient beverages, or as culturally approved stimulants
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| show | mainly recreational(to relax, have fun with strangers/people, or to get high in public/private
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| show | • These substances are much stronger (western history)-wine 12 % alcohol diluted with water, hard liquor( 40-75% alcohol) approved in 10th century A.D.
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| show | yes, • Heroin on the streets is more potent & addictive than 1930’s-1940’s, & new synthetic drugs appear regularly with unpredictable consequences
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| show | pattern of drug use that diminishes the ability to fulfill responsibilities at home/work/school, that results in repeated use of a drug in dangerous situations or that leads to legal difficulties related to drug use.
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| What is substance dependence? | show 🗑
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| show | Phenomenon whereby higher doses of a drug are required to produce its original effects or to prevent withdrawal symptoms.
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| show | Unpleasant physical or psychological effects that follow the discontinuance of a dependent producing substance.
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| What are Depressants?exs, and what are they used for? | show 🗑
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| What is alcohol? | show 🗑
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| What are Barbiturates?Exs:, and what are they used for? | show 🗑
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| show | PA substances, derived from the opium poppy. Orignates in Turkey, not always used in history for abuse. Opiate drugs such as opium & heroin, dull the sense & induces Euphoria, well-being, & relaxation.
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| show | drugs including amphetamines & cocaine. They stimulate the sympathetic nervous system & produce feelings of optimism & boundless energy. All stimulants excite the NS “fight or flight” response also occurs.
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| What is nicotine?What is it used for? | show 🗑
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| show | stimulant drugs creates “rushes” of Euphoria,“crashes”, depression.habit forming
1st used in the 1930’s as a nasal spray to remove asthma symptoms.
At chemical level resembles epinephrine, used in WWII to reduce fatigue “ pep pills”, AKA “diet pills"
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| What/when is Cocaine?Whats it used for? | show 🗑
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