Medications seen during PT
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| a.c. | before meals
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| b.i.d. | twice a day
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| c | with
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| e.m.p. | as directed
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| h.s. | at bedtime
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| NPO | nothing by mouth
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| p.c. | after meals
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| p.o. | by mouth
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| p.r.n. | when required
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| q.i.d. | four times a day
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| t.i.d. | three times a day
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| Antiarrhythmics meds | Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
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| PT Considerations for Antiarrhythmics | Monitor for orthostatic hypotension
Amiodarone can cause toxicity
Digoxin toxicity=visual disturbances
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| Anticoagulants meds | Warfarin (Coumadin)
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| PT Considerations for Anticoagulants | Excessive bleeding
Do NOT perform deep-tissue massage
Use fall precautions
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| NSAIDS & aspirin can cause increase of bleeding AVOID using with.... | Coumadin
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| Vitamin K is an antidote for... | Coumadin toxicity
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| INR (International Normalized Ratio) | goal is usually 2-3 for majority of patients
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| Antihypertensives | used for the treatment of hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias & ischemic heart disease
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| Adrenergic agonists | Clonidine (Catapres)
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| Adrenergic antagonists | 'sin'
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| ACE inhibitors | 'pril'
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| ARB's | 'sartan'
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| Beta Blockers | 'ol'
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| Calcium Channel Blockers | 'pine'
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| Diurectics | Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)
Furosemide (Lasix)
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
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| Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors | 'mi'
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| Nitrates | Nitroglycerin (NTG)
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| Renin inhibitors | 'ren'
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| Vasodilators | Hydralazine (Apresoline)
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| PT considerations-Antihypertensives | All can cause orthostatic hypotension
ACE & ARB can cause angioedema
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| Beta blockers & calcium channel blockers can... | prevent the heart rate from increasing in response to exercise
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| Antiplatelet Agents are used for prevention of | coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease & prevention of thrombosis following stent placement
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| PT considerations for Antiplatelet | monitor for increased bleeding
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| Lipid-lowering agents | used for the treatment of dyslipidemia
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| Statins meds | Lipitor
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| PT considerations for Statins | pts reporting muscle pain unrelated to exercise should be referred to their physician
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| Pressor meds | Dopamine
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| Pressors are typically used.... | in the ICU setting
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| Thrombolytics are used for... | clot lysis during heart attack
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| Steroids are used for | the stabilization of the inflammatory response in the respirator tract in patients with asthma & COPD
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| Steroids meds | 'one'
Dexamethasone
hydrocortisone
prednisone
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| PT considerations for Steroids | increases in BP & blood glucose
avoid modalities that increase risk of bruising or skin tears
Risk of osteoporosis w/chronic use
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| Antihistamines are used to... | decrease inflammation & bronchoconstriction
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| Antihistamine meds | Cetrizine (Zyrtec)
diphenhydramine (Beadryl)
fexofenadine (Allegra)
loratidine (Alavert, Claritin)
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| PT considerations for Antihitamines | drowsiness is common
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| Bronchodilators are used for .... | relieft of bronchospasm associated with COPD, asthma & exercise-induced bronchospasm
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| Beta 2 Agonists short-acting (rescue inhalers) | Albuterol (proventil, ventolin)
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| PT considerations for Bronchodilators | 30 minutes before therapy
minimize the use of the rescue inhalers
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| DMARDS Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs are used for.... | rhumatoid arthritis
prevent & reduce joint damage & preserve joint integrity & function
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| DMARDS meds | Humira
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| PT considerations for DMARDS | potent anti-inflammatories that can also cause immonosuppression
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| Antianxiety meds (Benzodiazepines) | 'am'
Alprazolam (xanax)
clonazepam (klonopin)
diazepam (valium)
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| Sedative-hypnotic agents are used as: | sleep aids
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| Sedative-hypnotic meds | eszopiclone (lunesta)
zolpidem (ambien)
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| PT considerations for Sedatives... | can cause drowsiness & may make the pt more prone for falls
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| Anticonvulsants are used for | treatment & prevention of seizures
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| anticonvulsant meds | phenytoin (dilantin)
pregabalin (lyrica)
phobarbital (barbital, luminol, solfoton)
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| pt considerations for anticonvulsants | pts may develop inability to sweat and overheat, keep them hydrated
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| antidepressant (SSRI'S) selective secrotonin reuptake inhibitors | fluoxetine (prozac, sarafem)
paroxetine (paxil)
sertraline (zoloft)
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| antidepressant (SNRI) serotonin-norepinphrine reuptake inhibitor meds | duloextine (Cymbalta)
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| PT considerations for antidepressants | TCA's are deadly in overdose
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| TCA = | Tricyclic antidepressants
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| Antipsychotic meds | aripiprazole (abilify)
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| pt considerations for antipsychotics | Tardive dyskinesia is irreversible
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| Parkinson's meds | Levodopa/carbidopa (sinemet)
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| pt considerations for parkinsons | onset of action for Sinemet is 30 minutes and 60 minutes for Sinemet CR
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| Antimetics are used for... | prevention & treatment of nausea & vomiting (chemo)
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| antimetic meds | ondansetron (zofran)
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| pt considerations for antimetics | nausea & vomiting is common for first 24 hours post chemo
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| pt considerations for Chemo | blood counts are at nadir (lowest point) 7 days after
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| Antacids used for... | treatment of GERD & heartburn
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| pt considerations for antacids | magnesium containing antacids can cause diarrhea.
calcium & aluminum can cause constipation
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| antidiarrheal meds can cause | sedation
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| Histamine used for... | treatment of GERD, heartburn, peptic ulcer disease
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| pt considerations for histamine... | report any new sign & symptoms of GI upset or bleeding
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| Laxatives are used for | treatment of constipation
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| laxative meds | methlcellulose (citrucel)
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| proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used for | acid suuppression in the treatment of GERD, heartburn, petic ulcer disease
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| PPI meds | omeprazole (prilosec)
lansoprazole (prevacid)
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| BPH = | Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
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| pt considerations for BPH | monitor for othostasis
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| pt considerations for oral contraceptives | monitor for serious adverse effects (venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism)
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| Antibiotic meds | penicillins
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| pt considerations for fluoroquinolones | photosensitivity
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| Clindamycin has a high incidence of.. | C.Difficile colitis (contageous)
symptoms include severe diarrhea, blood in the stool and foul smell
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| Antitubercular meds are used for | treatment of mycobacterial infections including tuberculosis
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| antiretroviral agents are used in | treatment of HIV/AIDS
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| pt considerations for antiretroviral agents | use Universal Precautions (avoid direct contact with blood/body fluids)
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| signs & symptoms of hyperglycemia | polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue
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| PT considerations for hypoglycemic | blood glucose should be managed
high blood sugar (>250)
low blood sugar (<100)
normal (80-120)
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| Hypothyroidism & hyperthyroidism med | levothyroxine (levothroid, levoxyl, synthroid)
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| NSAIDS are used for | to treat mild to moderate pain & inflammation
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| NSAIDS meds | ibuprofen (motrin, advil)
naproxen (anaprox, naprosyn, aleve)
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| pt considerations for NSAIDS | tylenol is not an anti-inflammatory
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| Acetaminophen (Tylenol, abbreviated APAP) what is max dose | 4 grams per day
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| Systemic opioids are used to treat.. | moderate to severe pain
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| systemic opioid meds | hyromophone (dilaudid)
morphine (MS contin, roxanol)
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| naloxone (narcan) antagonist used to | treat overdose
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| PT considerations for systemic opioids | sonstipation, sedation, nausea & vomiting are the most common side effects
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