Excelsior College/The College Network
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| Diptheria gram - | positive
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| Pertussis gram - | negative
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| TB gram - | neither but acid-fast. (resembles gram-pos) Waxy envelope (hydrophobic)
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| TB description | invasion of lungs, alveolar nodule formation, s/s: fever, night sweats, coughing, wasting.
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| TB tx | triple antibx tx 6 mo to 2 years. Isoniazid used with 2 other antibx
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| TB | over 1/3 of world infected with it
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| Diptheria caused by - and spread by - | diphtherotoxin - aerosolized contaminated droplets
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| Pertussis caused by - and spread by - | Bordetella pertussis (coccobacillus) - aerosolized contaminated droplets
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| Streptococcal diseases gram - | positive
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| Streptoccal diseases description | generally have C carbohydrate layer in cell envelope to which humans produce antibodies, but they don't protect. But they help with diagnosis.
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| Streptoccal diseases reactions | hemolytic reaction of bacteria on blood agar. B-hemolytic: completely clear zone (the hemolysin enzymes completely lyse the RBCs. opaque deep red)Pathogenic. A-hemolysis and Y-hemolysis are not harmful.
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| Diff between 1)streptocci and 2)staphylococci | 1) does not secrete catalase 2) does secrete catalase
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| Strep infection sites | throat, oral cavity, vagina, intestines
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| Acute pharyngitis Group __ strep. __-hemolytic. | A. B-hemolytic.
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| Acute pharyngitis caused by | Group "A" strep: Streptococcus pyogenes.
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| Acute pharyngitis description | Strep throat. C-carbohydrate type. Pyogenic.
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| "A" Streptococcus pyogenes cell layers | From inside: cytoplasmic membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, C carbohydrate, M protein, Capsule of hyaluronic acid (makes slippery)
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| M protein of "A" strep bacteria is | antiphagocytic
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| "A" strep bacteria hyaluronic acid is similar to __ | a polysaccharide found in human connective tissue, so considered self by immune system.
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| "A" strep causes damage to | heart and WBCs. also causes rash of scarlet fever
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| S. pyogenes causes what? | scarlet fever, heart, WBC damage, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis (the "Flesh-eating bacteria" of the lay press) and sequelae of Rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis kidney damage
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| Group B-strep, caused by | S agalactiae
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| S agalactiae description | B-hemolytic, C carbohydrate,
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| S agalactiae mainly dangerous to | newborns (septicemia, meningitis)
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| S agalactiae assay | rectovaginal swab specimen of pregnant women
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| Group B streptocci confirmed through | CAMP test
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| Viridans Strep only harmful to | people with heart damage (rheumatic fever etc)
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| Pneumonia a condition of the | lungs
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| Pneumonia caused by | 1 or more bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, or physical particulates such as those found in tobacco smoke
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| Pneumonia description | Alveoli damaged or filled with foreign matter, so the patient loses ability to transport oxygen into the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide.
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| Streptococcus pneumoniae test | Quellung test
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| Streptococcus pneumoniae gram - | positive
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| S. pneumoniae vaccine | Pneumovax
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| S. pneumoniae causes | pneumonia, subacute endocarditis, otitis media, meningitis
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| Walking Pneumoia caused by | Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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| M pneumoniae is gram | negative
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