medical managment of cancer
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| when a tumor has completely lost identity with the parent tissue, it is considered to be undifferentiated or | anaplastic
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| T/F the more differentiated a tumor becomes, the faster the metastasis and worse the prognosis | F
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| disorganization of cells | dysplasia
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| hyperplasia | increase in cell numbers
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| what is the most advanced form of metaplasia called | anaplasia
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| carcinoma | epithelium
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| glandular | adenocarcinoma
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| CT | sarcoma
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| hematopoetic | leukemia and myeloma
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| viruses are associated with what percent of human cancers | 15%
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| chemicals in tobacco smoke are responsible for what percent of CA | 30
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| exposure to large amounts of x-rays promotes to what CA | leukemia
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| Ann Arbor: Stage 1 | local CA in one area and local surrounding area; usually no other systemic or clinical symptoms
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| Ann Arbor: Stage 2 | located in 2 separate regions on one side of the diaphragm; lymph nodes and/or lymph organ
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| Ann Arbor: Stage 3 | CA has spread to both sides of diaphragm; includes one lymph organ or area near the lymph nodes or the spleen
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| Ann Arbor: Stage 4 | Diffuse spread to one or more extralymphatic organ or area near the lymph nodes or the spleen; liver, bone marrow, or lung involvement possible
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| what percent of pts are treated with surgery for CA | >60%
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| most widely used antineoplastic drug | cyclophosphamide (kill or slow down replication of tumor cells)
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| drug that blocks DNA synthesis (antimetabolite) | methotrexate
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| why no exercise on chemo days | high risk for cardiac arrhythmia
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| objective of radiation | cure or control the CA via destruction of DNA
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| acute side effects __ to __ months | 1-6
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| subacute side effects __ to __ months | 6-12
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| chronic side effects __ to __ | 1-5 years
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| Bio (Immuno) therapy objective | direct or indirectly kill tumor cells through bolstering the immune system
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| anti-angiogenic therapy (thalidomide, angiostatin) | decrease rapid blood supply development that can occur around a tumor. decreasing nutrients to tumor
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| leuprolide | used for Prostate CA; inhibit testosterone release
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| tamoxifen | for breast CA (inhibits estrogen release)
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| How long must the disease be gone before can be labeled "cured" | > 5 years
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| complete remission | all signs of disease have disappeared after tx
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| partial remission | primary tumor reduced to 1/2 of its original size after tx
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| improvement | primary tumor has been reduced but remains > 1/2 of its original size
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| prognostic index | measure of risk for relapse
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