ambulatory aids
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| debilitated client | clients who are frail or weak from prolonged inactivity
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| tone | the ability of muscles to respond when stimulated
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| strength | power to perform
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| quadriceps setting | an isometric exercise in which the client alternately tenses and relaxes the quadriceps muscles
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| gluteal setting | the contraction and relaxation of the gluteal muscles to improve strength and tone
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| dangling | sitting on the edge of the bed
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| tilt table | device that raises the client from a supine to a standing position
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| parallel bars | double row of stationary bars
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| walking belt(gait belt) | applied around the client's waist for support
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| cane | handheld ambulation device made of wood or aluminum for support while walking
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| walker | ambulatory aid constructed of curved aluminum bars that form a three sided enclosure with four legs for support
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| prosthetic limb | a substitute for an arm or leg
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| prosthetist | person who constructs prosthetic limbs
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| crutches | an ambulatory aid generally used in pairs that are constructed of wood or aluminum
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| axillary crutches | have a bar that fits below the axilla and is the most standard type of crutch
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| forearm crutches | has an arm cuff but no axillary bar
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| platform crutches | crutches that support the forearm
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| crutch palsy | weakening of the forearm, wrist, and hand muscles because of nerve impairment in the axilla due to incorrectly fitted crutches or poor posture
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| gait | the manner or style of walking
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| paralysis | motion loss or impairment of sensation in a body part
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| paraplegia | paralysis of waist down
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| hemiplegia | paralysis on one side of the body
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| what type exercise is used to promote muscle tone and strength? | isometric exercises
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| what are the quadriceps muscles? | rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis
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| how would you teach a client how to do quadriceps exercises? | flatten back of knee into mattress making it tight, make sure kneecaps move upward, hold position for at least 5 seconds, relax and repeat at least 2-3 times per hour
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| what are the gluteal muscles? | gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
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| how would you teach client to do gluteal exercises? | tell them to squeeze buttocks together, hold for 5 seconds, release and repeat 2-3 times per hour
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| while ambulating a client what should the nurse observe client for? | pallor, dizziness, weakness
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| what should the nurse do if fainting occurs while ambulating? | slide arms under clients axilla area, place foot outside forming wide base of support, balance client on hip until someone gets there or allow client to slide down leg onto floor
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| what aids are available to assist with ambulation? | crutches, walkers, canes, wheelchairs
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| which type of ambulatory aid may a client use that has hemiplegia? | cane
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| which side of the body should the cane be placed on while ambulating? | stronger side
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| what is the most stable form of ambulatory aid? | walker
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| what are some things the nurse teaches the client who is using a walker? | stand within the walker, hold onto the padded handgrips, pick up walker, advancing it 6-8 in, take step forward, support body weight on handgrips when moving weaker leg
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| what are the basic types of crutches? | axillary, forearm, platform
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| what are the examples of forearm crutches? | canadian and lofstrand crutches
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| which type of crutch is used for a client who needs permanent assistance with walking? | forearm crutch
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| which type of crutch is used by clients who can't bear any weight with their hands or wrists? | platform crutch
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| which type of crutch is used for a client experiencing arthritis? | platform crutch
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| a client with bilateral weakness or disability like arthritis or cerebral palsy may use what type of crutch gait? | four point crutch gait
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| what is the gait pattern for a four point gait? | one crutch, opposite foot, other crutch, remaining foot
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| a client that has more strength, coordination and balance may use which type crutch gait? | two point crutch gait
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| a client learning to walk again, following spinal cord injury or both legs having about the same strength may use which crutch gait? | two point crutch gait
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| what is the gait pattern for a two point crutch gait? | advance once crutch and opposite foot together then the other crutch and foot
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| a client that has an amputated, injured or disabled extremitiey may use which crutch gait? | three point non weight bearing
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| what is the gait pattern for three point non weight bearing gait? | both crutches moved forward followed by weight bearing leg
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| a client who is an amputee but learning to use prosthesis would use which crutch gait? | three point partial weight bearing
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| what is the gait pattern for three point partial weight bearing gait? | advance both crutches with weaker leg and strong leg is placed parallel to weaker leg
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| a client in which both legs are affected as in a paralyzed client or one with leg braces may use which crutch gait? | swing through
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| what is the gait pattern for swing through gait? | move both crutches forward and then advance one or both legs beyond crutches
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| when ambulating a client using a cane, which side would you stand on? | weak side
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| when the client is ambulating with a cane, what should move first? |
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