Chapter 24 Poultry Breed Identification and Production Management
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| air cell | empty area located at the large end of an egg that provides oxygen
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| albumuin | egg white that surrounds the yolk
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| American class | chicken class developed in North American for egg and meat production
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| Asiatic class | chicken class developed in Asia for show and ornamental breeds
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| avian influenza | commonly called bird flu and occurs as a naturally occurring virus within the intestinal tract, affects poultry and humans
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| avian pox | virus of poultry spread by mosquitoes, lowers the immune system slowly
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| beard | hairs located under the wattles in turkeys
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| bird flu | influenza virus found in avian species that may be zoonotic to humans
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| broiler | young chick between 6-8 weeks of age and under 4 pounds used for meat
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| broiler egg production system | system where chicks are raised for large production numbers and selected for broiler programs
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| broiler production | system used to produce the most amount of meat as possible
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| Burial | process of placing a carcass in the ground and covering to allow decomposition
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| candling | technique of using a light to view the internal structure of an egg
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| capon | male castrated chicken over 6 pounds and 6 months of age
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| carcass | dead body of an animal
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| carotene | protein the promotes the health of organs
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| chalaza | part of the egg that achors the yolk to the egg white
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| chick | young chicken
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| chicken | most important type of poultry and largest industry with four different classes
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| coccidiosis | internal protozoan parasites of poultry and wild birds that is spread through water, food, and soil contamination
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| cock | adult male chicken
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| cockeral | male chicken under a year of age
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| comb | flesh like projection on the top of the head
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| composting | process of disposing of dead birds by layering the carcass with waste materials and bedding to allow decomposition or wearing away
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| de-beak | procedure to remove the tip of a chicks beak to prevent pecking damage to other chicks
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| down | soft feather covering that grows under primary feathers
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| drake | adult male duck
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| duckling | young ducks
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| ducks | small water birds used for meat, feathers, and down
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| egg production | system used to produce a quality egg for human consumptions
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| eggshell | outer calcium layer that protects an egg
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| egg quality | the size, shape, and color of the egg is determined by the internal and external appearance of an egg
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| emaciated | severe weight loss and dehydration
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| emu | large flightless bird native to Australia, smaller than the ostrich
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| English class | chicken class developed in England for better meat production
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| fertile | egg with an embryo present due to a male fertilizing the egg
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| flock | a group of poultry
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| forced molting | using a light source to cause feathers to shed and regrow at specific times of the year
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| fowl | another term for poultry
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| fowl cholera | bacterial infection of poultry that causes a purple coloration to the head
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| fryer | another term for broiler since they have tender meat
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| gander | adult male goose
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| geese | large water birds used for meat, eggs, feathers, and down
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| germinal disc | white spot in the egg yolk where the sperm enters the egg cell to allow fertilization
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| gizzard | muscular organ used to break down food to allow digestion
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| goose | adult female goose
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| gosling | young goose
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| grit | substance used to break down hard materials, such as seed shells, to allow food to digest
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| guinea fowl | small wild birds domesticated for meat, eggs, and hunting
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| hen | adult female chicken
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| herpes virus | virus that causes diarrhea, weight loss, wing or leg paralysis, and death in bird species
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| incubation period | length of time until egg hatch
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| incubator | equipment used to house eggs at a controlled temperature and humidity
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| infectious bronchitis | respiratory virus that affects only chickens and affects egg production
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| inner shell membrane | thin area located outside of the albumin
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| knob | projection on the top of beak
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| layer | adult female hen that lays eggs
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| litter | wood shavings used as bedding to absorb droppings
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| Marek's disease | poultry disease caused by herpes virus known as range paralysis due to causing wing or leg paralysis
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| Mediterranean class | chicken class developed in the Mediterranean for large quantities of egg producers
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| molting | process of shedding feather to allow new feather growth
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| Newcastle disease | respiratory virus that causes poultry to twisth their necks
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| ostrich | largest and most common ratite that grows over 10 feet tall
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| outer shell membrane | thin area just inside the shell
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| peacock | adult male pea fowl
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| peafowl | poultry raised for colorful, large feathers
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| peahen | adult female pea fowl
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| Pheasant | wild species of game birds raised for meat and hunting purposes
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| pigeons | small wild birds raised in captivity for meat and hunting purposes
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| poult | young turkey
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| poultry | domesticated birds with feather, two legs, two wings, and used as a source of eggs, meat, feathers, and by products
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| poultry science | study of poultry breeding, incubation, production, and management to learn to produce a quality product at a reasonable price
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| protozoan | single celled organism or parasite
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| pullet | young chicken raised to lay eggs
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| pullet production | system where hens are raised for fertile egg production
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| quail | small wild bird that makes the whistle sound "bobwhite" and is raised for eggs
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| range paralysis | common name for Marek's disease caused by a herpes virus
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| ratite | large flightless birds raised for poultry and production purposes
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| replacement hens | pullets used to replace older hens that are no longer capable of egg production
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| rhea | moderate sized flightless bird native to South America
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| roaster | chick over 8 weeks of age and 4 pounds used as meat
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| rooster | adult male chicken
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| serration | spaces on the top of a comb
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| spent hen | adult female hen that has aged and decreased or stops egg production and is used as meat sources in processed foods
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| swan | large water birds with long, thin necks raised as ornamental poultry
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| turkey | large sized poultry breed with large body and long, thin neck, specifically raised for meat
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| wattle | flesh like area located under the chin
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| yolk | inner yellow cell membrane created by the hen's ovary
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