| Question | Answer |
| The 5 "i's" of Culturing Microbes | Inoculation, Observable growth, Isolation, Incubation, Inspection, Identification |
| introduction of a sample into a container of media to produce a culture | Inoculation |
| separating one species from another | Isolation |
| Incubation | under conditions that allow growth |
| A colony consists of one | species |
| If an individual bacterial cell is separated from other cells and has space on a nutrient surface, it will grow into a mound of cells called a | colony |
| Isolation techniques include | streak plate technique, pour plate technique, spread plate technique |
| Media can be classified according to three | 1.Physical state (liquid, semisolid and solid),2. chemically defined (synthetic) and complex (nonsynthetic) 3. Functional type- enriched, anaerobic, assay, selective, differential, transport, enumeration, general purpose |
| Physical States of Media | 1. Liquid i.e. broth; 2. Semisolid i.e. agar or gelatin 3. Solid (colony formation contains solidifying agent) |
| Broth | Liquid media, does not solidify |
| Semisolid media contains solidifying agent | agar or gelatin |
| Semisolid is this consistency | clot-like |
| Solid media contains solidifying agent and is | liquefiable and nonliquifiable |
| Most commonly used solidifying agent is | agar |
| A complex polysaccharide isolated from red algae | agar |
| not digestible for most microbes | agar |
| provides framework to hold moisture and nutrients,and is solid at room temp, liquefies at boiling (100C), does not resolidify until it cools to 42degreesC | agar |
| nutrient broth | liquid medium containing beef extract and peptone |
| synthetic media | contains pure organic and inorganic compounds in an exact chemical formula |
| Complex or nonsynthetic media | contains at least one ingredient that is not chemically definable |
| grows a broad range of microbes, usually nonsynthetic | General purpose media |
| Enriched media contains | complex organic substances such as blood, serum, hemoglobin or special growth factors required by fastidious microbes |
| contains one or more agents that inhibit growth of some microbes and encourage growth of the desired microbes | Selective media |
| allows growth of several types of microbes and displays visible differences among desired and undesired microbes | Differential media |
| two miscellaneous media | Reducing medium, (anaerobic bacteria growth); and Carbohydrate fermentation medium (pH indicator to show the reaction as a basis for identifying bacteria and fungi) |
| Incubation = temperature-controlled chamber at appropriate temperature and atmosphere | -microbe multiplies and produces macroscopically observable growth |
| Inspection = observation; macroscopic and microscopic | Pure culture, mixed cultures, contaminated culture |
| Pure culture | grows only single known species of microorganisms |
| Mixed cultures | hold two or more identified species or microorganisms |
| Contaminated culture | once pure or mixed culture that has unwanted microbes growing |
| Identification involves | macroscopic and microscopic appearance, biochemical tests, genetic characteristics, immunological testing |
| Potentially hazardous cultures and specimens are usually disposed of in two ways: | steam sterilization and incineration |
