| Question | Answer |
| primates | monkeys and humans |
| Are birds endothermic or ectothermic? | Endothermic |
| What is echolocation and which mammals use it? | echolocation is the use of waves to determine the size and distance of prey. bats and dolphins use it. |
| Diaphragm: location in the body of a mammal and its function. | It is beneath the rib cage and draws air into the lungs. |
| xenarthra | sloths, anteaters and armadillos |
| perissodactyla | horses, zebras, tapirs |
| Contrast the types of teeth, location in the mouth, and their job. | incisors are for cutting, canines are for ripping, premolars are for shredding, molars are for crushing. |
| What is the function of each the crop and the gizzard? | The crop stores and moistens food and the gizzard is where food is physically crushed. |
| What are vestigial organs? Name one example in humans. | Organs that once had a purpose but as the organism evolves, they lost their purpose. in humans, the appendix and body hair are vestigial. |
| Compare & contrast raptors (hawks, eagles, etc.) and owls. | Raptors hunt in the day and have less spread out feathers and owls hunt an night and have spread out feathers. |
| What is the largest part of the mammalian brain? | cerebrum |
| How are birds different from reptiles? | Birds have feathers, hollow bones and a furcula. |
| What do the following terms mean: oviparous vs. ovoviviparous vs. viviparous. Give examples of each. | oviparous mammals lay amniotic eggs, ovoviviparous animals have an egg in the mother and either lay it and the young hatches shortly or the egg hatches in her. viviparous animals develop a fetus inside the mother without an egg. |
| Name the characteristics of birds | Endothermy, feathers, beak, oviparity, wings, hollow bones, air sacs, |
| Name the characteristics of mammals. | Mammary glands, hair, endothermy, 4 chambered heart, single jawbone, specialized teeth. |
| cetacea | whales, dolphins, |
| What are placentals and name some examples. | Placental mammals nourish their young through a placenta. bears, cats, dogs, humans. |
| carnivora | dogs, cats, coons, hyenas, otters |
| What is gestation period? | The period in which the fetus develops. |
| How many chambers are there in a bird ear? Names the chambers. | 3. |
| Contrast precocial and altricial young. | Precocial young can fend for themselves as soon as they hatch but altricial young are naked and helpless. |
| From where did birds evolved? What is Archaeopteryx? | Early reptiles, an early creature that had both bird and reptile characteristics. |
| artiodactyla | pigs, deer, camels/ ungulates |
| proboscidea | 'phants |
| rodentia | squirrels, chipmunks and rats |
| sirenia | manatees and dugongs |
| Migration: what is it? Why do birds do it? | The seasonal movement of birds from one habitat to another. They do it so they don't have to hibernate. |
| What are marsupials and name some examples. | Marsupials are mammals that give birth to underdeveloped young and then keep nourishing them in a pouch. kangaroos, koalas, opossums. |
| What are monotremes and name some examples. | monotremes are mammals that lay eggs. Platypuses and echidnas. |
| Describe feathers according to type, functions, and structure. | Contour feathers provide coloration and streamlined shape. downy feathers provide insulation. flight feathers assist in flight. |
| What is an ornithologist? | A scientist who studies birds. |
| chiroptera | bats |
| What are the functions of the posterior air sacs? | They store and redirect air and reduce the bird's density. |
| insectivora | shrews, hedgehogs, moles |
| Which chamber of the stomach acts as a fermentation chamber? | cecum |
| Are mammals endothermic or ectothermic? | endothermic |
| What is baleen? Who has it & why? | baleen is sheets of keratin and baleen whales have it and it is used to filter krill out of the water to eat. |
| What is the rumen? What advantage does it give some mammals? | the rumen is the first chamber in a 4 chambered stomach that breaks down cellulose. |
| What is the syrinx? | The organ that produces bird song. |
| What is preening? Why do birds do this? | When birds rub their beaks on their feathers and coat them in oil. to waterproof themselves. |
| What is the importance of the bird bone structure? | Bird's bones are hollow so they can be lighter to help them fly. |
| lagomorpha | rabbits, hares and pikas |
| What are pinnipeds? | aquatic carnivores |
| What is the placenta? | A blood-richstructure that feeds young in placental mammals. |
