| Question | Answer |
| Astenosphere | weak plastic like layer below the lithosphere |
| Continental Drift | Hypothesis that the continents were once joined together and they have slowy drifted apart |
| Convection | Transfer of heat through liquids |
| Convergent Boundary | Boundary where two plates come together |
| P-wave | Wave created by an earthquake that pushes and pulls rock in the direction of the wave |
| S-wave | Wave created by an earthquake that shakes particles perpendicular to the wave. |
| Divergent Boundary | An area where the plates are moving apart, common in oceanic ridges. |
| Earthquake | The vibration of the Earth as a result of a rapid energy release. |
| Epicenter | Location on Earth's surface directly above the focus (where the earthquake originated) |
| Fault | A fracture or break in the Earth where movement has occurred. |
| Focus | Point within the earth where an earthquake originates |
| Hotspot | Area of high heat in the mantle that produces magma that rises to the Earth's surface (Hawaiian Islands) |
| lithosphere | Rigid outer layer of the Earth which includes the upper mantle and crust. |
| magnitude | How strong and earthquake was. |
| mantle | The thick layer below the Earth's Crust. |
| mid-ocean ridge | Formed where oceanic plates separate and rising magma cools to form new ocean crust |
| Pangea | Large landmass that was made up of all the continents. |
| Plate Boundary | The area where two plates meet |
| Plate Tectonics | Theory that states that the earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into plates that "float" and move around. |
| Sea-floor spreading | Hess's theory that new seafloor is formed when magma is foced upward at a mid-ocean ridge. |
| Seismograph | Instrument used to measure earthquake waves. |
| subduction zone | Where oceanic and continental plates collide and the oceanic plate plunges beneath the continental plate. |
| Transform Boundary | A boundary where two plates slide past each other. |
| Trench | |
