| Question | Answer |
| Select all of the following that describe a homologous pair of chromosomes. | -can have different alleles
-same light and dark banding patterns
-same size |
| A single molecule of DNA and its associated proteins form a | Chromosome |
| A diploid cell is indicated by what abbreviation? | 2n |
| Select all the organisms that can produce gametes for sexual reproduction. | -ferns
-bread molds
-humans |
| The abbreviation n or 1n represents a _______ cell. | Haploid |
| Two chromosomes with the same size, centromere location, and gene sequence are called a(n) _________ pair | homologous |
| Located in the ovaries and testes of animals, specialized cells called germ cells are ______ and undergo meiosis to produce ______. | diploid; gametes |
| How many rounds of cell division occur in meiosis? | 2 |
| In animals, specialized diploid cells that undergo meiosis are called | Germ Cells |
| Select all of the following that are true about meiosis. | -produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes as compared to somatic cells
-includes two cell divisions
-creates four haploid cells from one diploid cell |
| Select all of the mechanisms that generate genetic variability in sexual organisms. | -Random Fertilization
-Crossing Over
-Random orientation of chromosomes |
| Crossing over is the process in which | homologous chromosomes physically exchange pieces. |
| Dividing cells that contain only one chromosome from each homologous pair lined up singly at the equator of the cell must be undergoing: | Meiosis II |
| Select all of the following that describe mitosis. | -results in 2 daughter cells
-starts with a diploid cell and results in diploid cells |
| What is a cell with a complete extra set of chromosomes called? | polyploid |
| Crossing over is the process in which | homologous chromosomes physically exchange pieces. |
| Select all of the following that can result from nondisjunction in humans. | -failed development due to missing genetic material
-trisomy
-an extra copy of a chromosome |
| What occurs when chromosomes do not separate during meiotic divisions? | nondisjunction |
| Nondisjunction of the ______ chromosome during meiosis can produce offspring that are XXX or XXY. | X |
| Chromosomal __________ is an abnormality that results in the loss of one or more genes from a chromosome. | deletion |
| In human males, specialized cells that are diploid and will enter meiosis I are called | primary spermatocytes. |
| Select all of the following that are true about primary spermatocytes. | -produced by mitosis of spermatogonium
-will enter meiosis I
-diploid |
| Select all of the following that are true about spermatids. | -specialize into mature sperm
-haploid
-equal-sized |
| Select all of the following that are true about primary oocytes. | -produced by mitosis
-diploid
-will enter meiosis I |
| In human males, specialized cells that are diploid and will enter meiosis I are called | primary spermatocytes. |
| A crossover in meiosis is an exchange of genetic material between..... | nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. |
| Crossing over can occur during what phase of meiosis? | Prophase I |
| If crossing over occurs between a homologous pair of chromosomes during meiosis, what will be present in the gametes? | Some chromatids will have parental combinations of alleles, and some chromatids will be recombinant. |
| Random orientation of homologous chromosomes occurs in ________ of meiosis. | Metaphase I |
| What pulls the chromosomes of a homologous pair to opposite poles? | Spindle Fibers |
| Centromeres divide in | mitosis and meiosis II |
| What describes meiosis II in humans? | haploid → haploid |
| Arrange the following events in the proper order in which they occur during meiosis I. | 1. Synapsis
2. Crossing Over
3. Random orientation along equator of cell
4. Separation of homologous chromosomes |
| What is examples of Haploid Cells? | Gamete, Egg Cell, Sperm Cell |
| What are examples of Diploid Cells? | Germ Cell, Somatic Cell, Zygote |
| Each daughter cell produced in meiosis has | half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. |
| The number of cells produced in meiosis is | twice the number of cells produced in mitosis. |
| What is a correct sequence of cells in spermatogenesis? | spermatogonium → primary spermatocyte → secondary spermatocyte |
| Then, in a process called random orientation, homologous chromosomes align _______-file at the center of the cell and then separate. | double |
