| Question | Answer | Explanation |
| What is Hyperventilation? | Over breathing to the point that the level of arterial carbon dioxide falls below normal. | The body may be trying to compensate for acidosis. If too much carbon dioxide is blown off, alkalosis can occur. |
| What happens when a patient aspirates. | When vomit/liquid/food or other foreign materials enter the lungs | This is stopped by the Epiglottis. The epiglottis folds over the glottis to prevent aspiration, |
| What is the hypoxic drive? | A backup system to control respiration. | The inferior portion of the larynx is a cartilaginous ring. It is located directly inferior of the Thyroid cartilage. |
| What 4 things could wheezing indicate in the lungs | Asthma/COPD/Emphysema/Chronic Bronchitis | You will hear a high pitched, whistling sound prominent on expiration. |
| When should you use a Bag-Valve Mask? | For patients who need either assistance in ventilating or are not able to ventilate on their own | Minimum of 15 L/min. |
| What does the lower airway consist of? | Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs | First step is to face the bevel towards the septum, then apply a water-soluble lubricant.. |
| What is the tidal volume for the average adult? | 500 ml | It is the amount of air that is moved in and out of the lungs during one breath. |
| What is the name of the hollow, semi flexible tube that carries inhaled air from the larynx to the lungs? | Trachea | The trachea is a tube-like structure that allows air to pass from the upper airway into the lungs. |
| The use of accessory muscles and nasal flaring are signs of what? | Labored breathing | It senses the drop of oxygen levels in the blood. |
| When should you use a Nasal Cannula? | When a patient has mild hypoxemia. | Can provide 24% to 44% inspired oxygen.1-6 lpm (2-4 lpm most common) |
| Which part of the upper airway is a passageway shared by the digestive system and respiratory systems for air and food. | Pharynx | |
| What ring-shaped structure forms the lower portion of the larynx? | Cricoid Cartillage | |
| How should you insert a nasopharyngeal airway? | Face the bevel towards the septum. | |
| What is the term for abnormal breath sounds that result from an obstructed airway? | Stridor | It is an upper airway obstruction caused by tissue swelling around trachea, larynx, and epiglottis. |
| When should you use a Nonrebreather mask? | When the patient is hypoxic, but otherwise breathing adequately. | Rate of 15 L/min and capable of providing up 90% inspired oxygen. |
| What will you hear if there is fluid in the alveoli? | Crackles | Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and a racing heart, followed by shock. |
| What happens to your diaphragm during inhalation? | Contracts | This is an active process, the diaphragm contracts in a downward motion drawing air into the lungs. |
| Which part of the upper airway Filters out dust and small particles and warms and humidifies air as it enters the body. | Nasopharynx | directly posterior to the nose |
| When does Tension Pneumothorax occur? | when air accumulates between the chest wall and the lung and increases pressure in the chest, reducing the amount of blood returned to the heart. | The trachea splits into 2 main stems, the left and the right, at the Carina. Each leads to a lung. It is located beneath the sternum |
| What is the amount of air that normally reaches the alveoli in an adult? | 350 ml | In the area of dead space that traps 150 mL of air. 350 mL effectively reaches the alveoli for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. |
| What is the name of the cartilaginous ridge in the trachea at which the right and left lungs split? | Carina | It is Muscular tube extending from nose and mouth to level of esophagus and trachea. |
| What does the upper airway consist of? | Pharynx, Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Larynx | The use of accessory muscles is a sign of respiratory distress or failure. Nasal flaring is the body's effort to increase the size of the airway. |
