| Question | Answer |
| ___ is a demyelinating disease of the CNS; characterized by sclerotic plaques disseminated throughout the CNS | multiple sclerosis |
| what does the Charcot's triad consist of? | intention tremor
scanning speech
nystagmus |
| what can trigger an exacerbation of MS? (4) | viral or bacterial infection
trauma, pregnancy, stress
increased external or internal heat
sleep deprivation |
| the etiology of MS is unknown, but what factors can contribute to it developing? (5) | viral infections
environmental (possibly smoking, vitamin D deficiency)
climate (more common in temperate regions, certain latitudes)
genetic
certain auto-immune diseases |
| what auto-immune diseases have a potential link to MS? (4) | pernicious anemia
thyroid disease
type I diabetes
IBD |
| ___ occurs when autoantigens attack the body's own myelin, causing myelinization | friendly fire |
| what demographic is MS most commonly found in? | Caucasian females, 20-40 years old |
| diagnostic criteria for MS includes: (3) | elevated immunoglobulin in CSF
evoked potentials (EP)
positive MRI |
| ___ MS is characterized by sudden onset with partial or complete remissions; remains stable for a long time; ~85% of cases | relapsing remitting |
| ___ MS is the progression of RRMS to a steady and irreversible decline | secondary progressive |
| ___ MS is characterized by progression without remission and severe disability, no distinct attacks; ~10% of cases | primary progressive |
| ___ MS is characterized by gradual neurological deterioration from onset with relapses; ~5% of cases | progressive relapsing |
| ___ MS is characterized by mild symptoms and little disease progression; ~10-20% of cases | benign |
| ___ MS is characterized by rapid progression and significant disability or death within a short period after onset | malignant/aggressive |
| the clinical presentation of MS includes: (4) | great variability amongst individuals
history of vague functional limitations before definite symptoms
can have fast or slow onset
psychosocial considerations |
| signs and symptoms of MS can include: (10) | sensory changes (numbness, Lhermitte's sign, dec. proprioception)
paresis
spasticity
pain
movement disorders (dysmetria, ataxia, dysdiadokinesia)
vestibular dysfunction
fatigue
visual disturbances
cognitive, behavioral, communication disturbances |
| ___ is a hypersensitivity to minor sensory stimuli | hyperpathia |
| people with MS typically feel best at what time of the day? | the morning |
| people with MS usually live ___ years after diagnosis | 22-25 |
| a positive ___ sign occurs when flexing the neck results in a 'shock' running down the spine and into the extremities | Lhermitte's |
| the PT evaluation for a patient with MS should include: (12) | patient Hx (fatigue)
ROM
sensation
pain
muscle tone, strength
coordination and balance
gait
posture
respiratory pattern
cognitive/behavioral issues
visual function
functional status |
| PT treatment for MS can include: (11) | sensory impairments, skin care
pain
spasticity, paresis
modalities (cryo, FES)
positioning
ROM
fatigue
ataxia (Frenkels)
gait
functional limitations
respiratory care |
