| Question | Answer |
| What is considered hyponatremia? | Serum sodium level is less than 130 meq/L. |
| What are the causes of hyponatremia? | EXCESSIVE AMOUNT OF WATER, SODIUM DEPLETION |
| What may percipitate hypervolemic hyponatremia? | SIADH, CHF,CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER, NEPHROTIC SYNDROME, GASTRIC OR INTESTINAL SURGERY, NASOGASTRIC SUCTIONING WHILE RECEIVING D5W, REPEAT TAP WATER ENEMAS, EXCESS WATER INGESTION |
| What may percipitate hypovolemic hyponatremia? | SODIUM DEPLETION, OVERUSE OF THIAZIDE DIURETICS, LASIX, MANNITOL. DIARRHEA, ADDISON'S DISEASE, GASTRIC SUCTION, HPERGLYCEMIA, VOMITING EXTREME DIPHORESIS |
| What are the clinical presentation of hyponatremia with water retention? | APATHY, COMA, CONFUSION, HA, GENERALIZED WEAKNESS, HYPORELEXIA, CONVULSIONS, DEATH. |
| What are the clinical presentation of hyponatremia with dehydration? | APPREHENSION AND ANXIETY AND FEELING OF IMPENDING DOOM. WEAKNESS, CONFUSION OR STUPOROUS, ABDOMINAL CRAMPS, NAUSEA, DRY MUCOUS MEMBRAME, VASOMOTOR COLLAPSE, HTN,TACHYCARDIA, SHOCK |
| What are the treatments for hyponatremia? | The goals of treatment for hyponatremia is to treat the underlying cause. |
