| Front | Back |
| 8 parts of speech | Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. |
| Noun | person, place, thing, or idea.
example: The 'professors" class |
| Common noun | person, place, thing (general not particular)
example: nurse, hospital, syringe |
| Proper noun | official name of the person, place, or thing
example: Fred, Paris, Washington University
Proper nouns are capitalized |
| Pronoun | word that takes place of the noun
example: their, them
example: 'my' book, 'your' class, 'that' book, 'this' class |
| Adjective | describes the noun
example: many, few, silly, fast |
| Verb | word used to describe an action
example: the 'worried' student |
| Adverb | words that describe a verb
example: the 'very' worried student |
| Preposition | used before a noun or pronoun
example: 'to' their car |
| Conjunction | word that joins words, phrases, clauses.
example: and, but, if, so
example: the nurse asked to work the other shift 'but' her request was denied |
| Correlative conjunctions | work in pairs to join words or phrases
example: 'neither' the pharmacist 'nor' her assistant could help |
| Subordinating conjunctions | join two clauses or thoughts
example: 'while the nurse was away on vacation' the hospital flooded
examples: after, because, since |
| Interjection | word or phrase that expresses emotion
example: 'yikes' that test was hard |
| Clause | group of words that has a subject and predicate |
| Independent clause | expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence
example: 'the professor distributed the examinations' as soon as the students were seated |
| Dependent clause | begins with a subordinating conjunction and does not express a complete thought, cannot stand alone.
example: 'as soon as the students were seated' |
| Direct object | person or thing directly affected by the action of the verb
example: Jimmy fed 'the dog' |
| Indirect object | person or thing indirectly affected by the action of the verb
example: you gave 'me' the book
'the book' direct object |
| Phrase | group of two or more words that acts as a single part of speech in a sentence |
| Predicate | tells what the subject does or what is done to the subject |
| Predicate adjective | follows a linking verb and helps explain the subject
example: my professors are 'wonderful' |
| Sentence | every sentence has a subject and predicate |
| Declarative sentence | makes a statement
example: I went to the store |
| Interrogative sentence | asks a question
example: Did you go to the store? |
| Imperative sentence | makes a command or request
example: Go to the store. |
| Exclamatory sentence | makes an exclamation
example: you went to the store! |
| Subject | word, phrase, or clause that names who or what the sentence is about |
| Misplaced modifier | words or groups of words not located properly in relation to the words they modify
example: I fear my teaching assistant may have discarded the test I was grading 'in the trash can' |
| Cliches | expressions or ideas that have lost their originality or impact over time because of excessive use.
example: raining cats and dogs, let the cat out of the bag, sick as a dog, under the weather |
| Euphemism | mild, indirect, or vague term that has been substituted for one that is considered harsh, blunt, or offensive
example: he died
instead say "he has passed away or gone to be with the lord" |
| Sexist language | words that do not satisfactorily reflect the presence of women in our society
example: firefighter instead of fireman, policer officer instead of policeman, doctors and their wives should be doctors and their spouses. |
| Affect | to influence or to change
example: the chemotherapy affected my daily routine |
| Effect | noun- result or outcome
example: the chemotherapy had a strange effect on me
verb- to bring about or accomplish
example: as a result of chemotherapy I was able to effect a number of changes in my life |
| Farther | measurable distance
example: the walk to class is much farther than i expected |
| Further | refers to figurative distance
example: I will have to study further to make better grades |
