| Question | Answer |
| Virtually all the_____ and _____ that have been uncovered by
science of psychology are stated in terms of_____. There is nothing unique about this. Many
of the________ and ______ in other sciences are stated in terms of
_______ rather than ________ | facts/ relationships/ probabilities/ laws/ relationships/ probabilities/ certainties |
| If people think a single example can ______ a law, they must feel the law should hold in_____ case. In short, they have_____ to
_____the law’s probabilistic nature. There wil_____ be a
“_____who” goes against even the strongest of trends. | invalidate/ every/failed /understand/ always/ person |
| Psychologists call instances like “old Joe Ferguson” story examples of the use of
_______-_____” statistics: situations in which well-established statistical
trends are _____ because someone knows a “person who” went against the
________________ | person who / questioned/ trend |
| The ubiquitous “person who” is usually trotted out when we are _______________________ with hard statistical
_______________________ that _______________________ a previously held belief | confronted/ evidence/ contradicts |
| Much research into the nature of _______________________ _______________________ has indicated that
probabilistic _______________________ may well be the _______________________ heel of human cognition | human/ thinking/ archilles |
| These two problems illustrate a very useful principle concerning _______________________
_______________________: Smaller samples will always generate more _______________________ val | sample-size/ extreme/ reasoning |
| Rural counties with sparse populations are _______________________ samples, and they are bound to produce
more _______________________ values of all types – extremely _______________________ values and extremely
_______________________ value | small/ extreme/ high./low |
| These two problems probe whether a person is prone to the so-called gambler’s_______ -- the
tendency for people to see_____ between events in the ___________ and
events in the ______ when the two are really ________ | fallacy/ links/past/future/independent |
| It is important to realize that the _______________________ fallacy is not restricted to games of
_______________________. It operates in _______________________domain in which chance plays a substantial
role, that is, in almost ______ | gamblers/chance/any/everything |
| Those who claim to have psychic _______________________can easily _______________________ this tendency. | power's/exploit |
| Truly _______________________ sequences will often _______________________ seem
_______________________ to people because of our tendency to see _______________________ everywhere | random/not/random/patterns |
| Unlike some of the other components of scientific _______________________that are more easily acquired,
functional reasoning skills in _______________________ probably requires some type of
_______________________ study | thinking/statistics/ formal |
| No one can be a _______________________ contemporary psychologist without being fully conversant with
_______________________ and ____________ | competent/ statistics/probability |
