| Question | Answer |
| Medulla | the inner region of the kidney which contains most of the urine-collecting tubules |
| Nephron | Functional unit of the kidney that form urine by the processes of filtration |
| Ureters | Two narrow tubes about 10-12 inches ong that transport urine from the kidney to the bladder |
| Uremia | Uremic poisoning. A toxic condition resulting form renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea is retained in the blood |
| Hyperpronteinuria | The presence of abnormaly high concentration of protein in the urine. Often associated with hypoproteinemia |
| Hydronephorosis | The dilation of one or both kidneys. |
| Nephrectasis | The distention of the pelvis of the kidney |
| Nephrolithiasis | The presence of stones in the kidney |
| Cystolith | A stone located within the urinary bladder |
| pylonephritis | An inflammation of both the renal pelvis and of the kidney |
| Cystalgia | Pain in the urinary bladder |
| Paraspadias | Congenital abnormality in males in which the urethral opening is on the side of the penis |
| Diuresis | The increased output of urine |
| Dysuria | Difficult or painful urination |
| Nocturnal enuresis | Urinary incontinence during sleep |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| Catheterization | The insertion of a tube into the bladder in order to procure a sterile specimen for diagnostic purposes |
| Nephropexy | The surgical fixation of a floating kidney |
| Lithotripsy | To crush a stone |
| Ureteroplasty | The surgical repair of a ureter |
| Cystopexy | The surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall |
