| Question | Answer |
| High V/Q Ratio & Location? | 4/4=1.0
Apical Region Of Upper Right Lung |
| Low V/Q Ration & Location? | 3/5=0.6
Basal Region Of Lower Right Lung |
| Disease/Disorders of High V/Q? | (Deadspace)
1. Pulmonary Emboli
2. Circulatory Shock |
| Disease/Disorders of Low V/Q? | (Shunt)
1. Atelectasis
2. Pulmonary Edema
3. Pneumonia |
| Fick's Law: Gas diffusion across a tissue (A/C) membrane is DIRECTLY PROPOSTIONAL to what? | 1. Membrane Surface Area
2. Gas Pressure Gradient
3. Gas's Pressure Coefficient |
| Fick's Law: Gas diffusion across a tissue (A/C) membrane is INVERSELY PROPOSTIONAL to what? | 1. Membrane Thickness |
| Hemoglobin "A" is protein base composed of what? | 1. 2 Alpha Polypeptide Chains
2. 2 Beta Polypeptide Chains
3. 4 Heme (Iron) Groups (each heme combines w/ an O2 molecule) |
| What is P50? | The partial pressure required to saturate the Hb to a 50% level |
| Normal P50? | 27mmHg |
| Decrease P50? | <20mmHg
Left Shift: (Load)
O2 Loading Easier in Lung
O2 Unloading Harder in Tissue |
| Increase P50? | >35mmHg
Right Shift: (Release)
O2 Loading is Harder in Lung
O2 Unloading is Easier in Tissue |
| P50 Left Shift Factors? | Increase pH (Alkalemia)
1. Decrease CO2
2. Hypothermia
3. Decrease 2,3 DPG |
| P50 Right Shift Factors? | Decrease pH (Acidemia)
1. Increase CO2
2. Hyperthermia
3. Increase 2,3 DPG |
| What are the 3 altered Hemoglobin's? | 1. Methemoglobin
2. Carboxyhemoglobin
3. Fetal Hemoglobin |
| What is Methemoglobin (MHb)? | A congenital or chemically induced alteration of the HEME portion of Hb: Decrease P50 |
| What is Carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO)? | Carbon Monoxide (CO) poisoning or cigarette smoking: Decrease P50 |
| What is Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF)? | Seen in fetus and neonate, converted to HbA by 6mo. Altered 2,3 DPG binding noted with HbF |
| Formula for DO2? | C.O. x (CaO2 x 10) = DO2 |
| Normal Value for DO2? | 1000ml/min |
| Formula for O2 Consumption? | C.O. (Ca-vO2 x 10) = O2 Consumption |
| Normal Value for O2 Consumption? | 250ml/min |
| 4 factors that increase O2 Consumption? | 1. Exercise
2. Seizures
3. Shivering
4. Hyperthermia |
| 3 factors that decrease O2 Consumption? | 1. Peripheral Shunting
2. Cyanide Poisoning
3. Hypothermia |
| Normal Value for Ca-vO2? | 20-15=5ml O2/dL |
| 6 factors that increase Ca-vO2? | 1. Decrease C.O.
2. Increase O2 Consumption
3. Exercise
4. Seizures
5. Shivering
6. Hyperthermia |
| 5 factors that decrease Ca-vO2? | 1. Increase C.O.
2. Decrease O2 Consumption
3. Peripheral Shunting
4. Cyanide Poisoning
5. Hypothermia |
| Formula for O2ER? | (CaO2-CvO2)/CaO2) = O2ER |
| 6 factors that increase O2ER? | 1. Decrease C.O.
2. Increase O2 Consumption
3. Exercise
4. Seizures
5. Shivering
6. Hyperthermia |
| 5 factors that decrease O2ER? | 1. Increase C.O.
2. Decrease O2 Consumption
3. Peripheral Shunting
4. Cyanide Poisoning
5. Hypothermia |
| Formula for Qs/Qt? | (CcO2 - CaO2)/(CcO2 - CvO2) = Qs/Qt |
| Normal Qs/Qt? | <10% |
| Mild Qs/Qt? | 10-20% |
| Moderate Qs/Qt? | 20-30% |
| Severe Qs/Qt? | >30% |
