| Drugs | Gp (M),For,SE,(Mx) |
| Dilantin | Phenytoin
Gp: Anticonvulsants / Antiepileptics
SE: Anemia, confusion, 牙齦增生 (gingival enlargement), black stool |
| Lasix | Frusemide
Gp: Loop diuretics 去水丸 (inhibit Na/K/Cl co-transport)
for: edema
SE: Fluid & electrolyte imbalance.
Hypokalemia, hyponatremia 低鉀低鈉症 |
| Norvasc | Amlodipine
Gp: Ca channel blocker
For: antihypertensive (block Ca , reduce impluse to heart, contraction reduce)
SE: headache, Dizziness, hypotension |
| Diltiazem | Herbesser
Gp: Ca channel blocker, Class III
For: antihypertensive, block Ca, reduce impluse to heart , reduce contration
SE: headache , dizziness, hypotension |
| Adalat Retard [ADA __] | Nifedipine SR [拉花大平] [ADA 拉花]
Gp: Ca channel blocker
For: HP & angina
SE: liver disease, CHF, not with alcohol |
| Isoptin 我梳平 | Verpamil [V哇怕毛]
Gp: Ca channel blocker
For: HP & angina
SE: liver disease, CHF, not with alcohol |
| Capoten | Captopril
Gp: ACEI
For: HT, diabetic nephropathy (reduce Na and H20 retention)
SE: Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, dry cough, rash |
| Zestril | Lisinopril 你先囉吊
Gp: ACEI
For: HT, diabetic nephropathy (reduce Na and H20 retention)
SE: Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, dry cough, rash |
| Acertil | Perindopril
Gp: ACEI
For: HT, diabetic nephropathy (reduce Na and H20 retention)
SE: Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, dry cough, rash |
| Hydralazine | Trade name: Apresoline
Gp: Direct Vasodilator (act on SM )
SE: Orthostatic hypotension, Fluid retension, Tachycardia |
| Minipress | Prazosin
Gp: Alpha blocker
For: HT
SE: Postural hypotension, Dizziness, drowsiness, headache |
| Hytrin | Terazosin
Gp: Alpha blocker
For: HT
SE: Postural hypotension, Dizziness, drowsiness, headache |
| Tenormin | Atenolol
Gp: Beta blocker
For: HT
SE: Braycardia, Hypotention, Bronchospasm |
| Betaloc | Metoprolol
Gp: Beta blocker
For: HT
SE: Braycardia, Hypotention, Bronchospasm |
| Inderal [內在的internal] | Propranolol [內在的internal pro pan]
Gp: Beta blocker
For: HT
SE: Braycardia, Hypotention, Bronchospasm |
| Timolol | Timolol
Gp: Beta blocker
For: HT
SE: Braycardia, Hypotention, Bronchospasm |
| Aldomet | Methyldopa
Gp: Adrenergic Centrally Acting Agent
For: reduce impulse to sympathetic nerve to heart
SE:Drowsiness, Hepatotoxicity
Remarks: X with MAOI, no postural hypertension problem |
| Digoxin | Trade : Lanxin
Gp: Positive inotropic drugs
For: CHF, cardiac arrest
Remarks*: monitor apical P>60 |
| Dopamine | Gp: Positive inotropic drugs
For: CHF, cardiac arrest
Remarks*: monitor apical P>60 |
| Dobutamine | Trade: Doutrex (IV)
Gp: Positive inotropic drugs
For: CHF, cardiac arrest
Remarks*: monitor apical P>60 |
| Amiodarone | Trade: Cardarone
Gp: Potassium blocker ( reduce AV conduction)
For: arrhythmia / fibrillation
SE: visual impairment, photosensitivity |
| Heparin | GP: anticoagulants (IV/SC) 薄血藥
For: blood clot disorders, 加入blood specimen for 防止凝血
SE: prolong bleeding
Remakes: 1. monitor clotting profile
2. observe GI bleeding (stool for occult blood )
3. prevent injury
4. withhold prior surgery |
| Warfarin | Trade: Marevan (PO)
Gp: anticoagulant (Vit K Blocker)
For: Venous thromosis, pulmonary embolism
SE: hemorrahage, Jaundice, Hepatic dsyfunction
Remakes: 1. monitor INR * >2要俾warfarin
2. observe GI bleeding
3. withhold prior surgery
* with LOW vit K |
| Cartia | Trade: Aspirin SR
Gp: Antiplatelet drug
For: fever, pain , inflammation, MI and stroke (TIA)
SE: prolong bleeding, haemorrage
Remakes: 1. monitor clotting profile
2. observe GI bleeding
4. withhold prior surgery |
| Plavix | Clopidogrel
Gp: Antiplatelet drug
For: fever, pain , inflammation, MI and stroke (TIA)
SE: prolong bleeding, haemorrage
Remakes: 1. monitor clotting profile
2. observe GI bleeding (stool for occult blood )
3. prevent injury
4. withhold prior surg |
| Ventolin | Salbutamol (PO/INH/IV) (short acting)
Gp: Beta 2 seletive agonist
For: relief bronchospasm, reduce airway resistance
SE: Tachycardia, palpitation 心悸, |
| Atrovent | Ipratropium bromide ( 我怕嘈死人 煲埋) (short acting) (INH)
gp: anticholinergics
For: asthma, COPD
SE: Tachycardia, palpitation 心悸, |
| Piriton | Chlopheniramide (PO)
Gp: antihistamine
For: allergic reaction
SE: Drowsiness, Dry mouth, |
| Fluimucil | Acetylcysteine
Gp: Mucolytic 化痰
For: liquefy secretion , break bond in mucus
SE: Bronchospasm 支氣管痙攣, rhinorrhea 流涕 |
| Bisolvon | Bromhexine
Gp: Mucolytic
For: liquefy secretion , break bond in mucus
SE: Bronchospasm 支氣管痙攣, rhinorrhea 流涕 |
| MES | Mist Expectorant Stimulant 俗稱馬尿
(ammonia and Ipecacuanha Mixture)
Gp: Productive cough stimulant(食左之後咳得仲多, 幫你咳走D 痰)
For: 有痰, 想咳出黎 cough and cold
SE:nausea and vomiting |
| BE | Benadryl Expectorant (Diphenhydramine compound)
Gp: Antitussives 止咳藥
Fpr: cough and cold
SE:nausea and vomiting |
| CaCo3 +Mag | Mylanta
Gp: Antacid + neutralize acid
SE: consti[ation for Magnesium |
| Mag Tri | Magnesium Trisilicate
Gp: Antacid + neutralize gastric acid
for : stomachache
SE: constipation for Magnesium |
| NaHCO3 | gaviscon 嘉胃斯康
Gp: Antacid + neutralize gastric acid
for : stomachache
SE: Belching, constipation, hypercalcaemia |
| Pepcidine | Famotidine (PO/IV)
Gp: H2 receptor blocker in parietal cells of stomach
For: peptic ulcer
SE: dizziness, headache, confusion |
| Zantac | 善胃得 (Ranitidine)
Gp: H2 receptor blocker in parietal cells of stomach
For: peptic ulcer
SE: dizziness, headache, confusion |
| Nexium | Esomeprazole
Gp: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
For: peptic ulcer
SE: dizziness, headache, confusion |
| Losec | Omeprazole
Gp: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
For: peptic ulcer
SE: dizziness, headache, confusion |
| Dulcolax | Bisacodyl (PO/PR)
Gp: Stimulant laxatives
For: constipation
SE: Prolonged electrolyte imbalabce
*Remarks: do not give oral dose within 1 hr of milk/antacid (dissolution of drugs) |
| Senna | Senokot / Sennosides
Gp: Stimulant laxatives
For: constipation
SE: Prolonged electrolyte imbalabce |
| Fleet | Trade: Enema (PR)
Gp: Osmotic Laxatives
For: chronic constipation
SE: dizziness headache confusion, Prolonged electrolyte imbalabace:
hypo*calcemia,hypo*kalemia, Hyper* Na
*Remarks: diet with restriction of Na |
| Lactulose | Gp: Osmotic Laxatives
For: constipation
SE: dizziness headache confusion, Prolonged electrolyte imbalabace:
hypo*calcemia,hypo*kalemia, Hyper* Na
*Remarks: diet with restriction of Na |
| Metformin | Glucophage
Gp; Biguanides
For: Type I DM
SE: lactic acidosis (小心acute renal failure)
reduce Vit B12 not with alcohol |
| Hydrocortisone | Gp: Steroids
For: anti-inflammatory drug
SE: osteoporosis
Remarks: step down before withdrawal
avoid to use in systemic fungi infection |
| Prednisolone | Gp: Steroids
For: anti-inflammatory drug
SE: osteoporosis
Remarks: step down before withdrawal
avoid to use in systemic fungi infection |
| Xanax | Alprazolam (DDA drug!)
Gp: antidepressant drug
For: anxiety
SE: Dependance, withdrawal , tolerate, hallucination |
| Sinemet | Levodopa + Carbidopa (inhibit peripheral DDC, prevent levodopa convert to dopamine before crossing BBB)
Gp: Dopamine Precusor+PDDC inhibitor
For: Parkinsonism
SE:red urine, on-off effect, choeriform syndrome |
| Panadol | Paracetamol / Acetaminophen
Gp: Non-opioid analgestics
For: reduce pain and fever
SE: hepatotoxicity
Remarks: Max dose: 500mg x 8 in a day
Anti-dose: Fluimucil (Acetylcysteine) |
| Celebrex | Celecoxib
Gp: NSAID
For: reduce pain,fever, inflammation
SE: GI bleeding, salt and fluid retention, renal impairment |
| DF118 | Dihydrocodeine tartrate
Gp: Opioid analgestics
For: CNS acting relief pain
SE: Addiciton, Tolerance |
| Morphine | Gp: Opioid analgestics
For: CNS acting relief pain
SE: respiratory depression, sedation, confusion,. Addiciton, Tolerance |
| Tramadol | Trade name: Tramal
For: CNS acting relief pain
SE: dizziness, headache, confusion,. Addiciton, Tolerance |
| Thiamine | Vit B1
Gp: Electrolytes supplement
For: alcholism, liver disorder |
| Slow K | Potassium Chloride (KCL)
Gp: electrolyte supplement
For: Hypo* Kalemia
SE: renal impairment |
| Resonium C (with Ca) | 去鉀藥
For: Hyper* Kalemia
SE: renal impairment
remarks: PO:好易塞R/T, 因為好杰, 要逐D 咁俾
PR: 將1.5g 粉入100ml 啡樽水, 抽syringe用adaptor 加KY,入rectum |
| Actrapid | Insulin
Gp: Short acting DM drug
For: Type I DM |
| Protaphane | Insulin
Gp: Intermediate acting DM drug
For: Type I DM |
| Mixtard 30/70 | 30% actrapid + 70% protaphane
Gp: DM drug
For: Type I DM |
| Amoxil | Amoxycilin
Gp: ABX - Penicillins
Action: inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
SE: rash, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, drug fever, allergy |
| Augmentin | Amoxycillin + Clavulanic acid
Gp: ABX - Penicillins
Action: inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
SE: rash, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, drug fever, allergy |
| Tazocin | Piperacillin + Tazobactam
Gp: ABX - Penicillins
Action: inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
SE: rash, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, drug fever, allergy |
| Timentin | Ticarcillin + Clavulanic aicd
Gp: ABX - Penicillins
Action: inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
SE: rash, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, drug fever, allergy |
| Zincacef | Cefuroxime
Gp: ABX - Cephalosporins
SE:rash, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting (rare), allergy, serum sickness, vaginal candidiasis |
| Tienam | Imipenem + Cilastatin
Gp: ABX- Carbapenem
SE:diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, headache, rash, liver toxicity, eosinophilia (elevated white blood cells) |
| Meropenem | Trade: Meronem
Gp: ABX- Carbapenem
SE:diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, headache, rash, liver toxicity, eosinophilia (elevated white blood cells) |
| Teracycline | Trade: Achromycin
Gp: ABX-Tetracyclines
SE: nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain, tooth discoloration in children < 8 years, liver toxicity |
| Amikacin | Amikin
Gp: ABX - Aminoglycosides
SE: renal (kidney) toxicity, ototoxicity (hearing loss), dizziness, nausea/vomiting, nystagmus 眼球震颤 |
| Gentamicin | Garamycin
Gp: ABX - Aminoglycosides
SE: renal (kidney) toxicity, ototoxicity (hearing loss), dizziness, nausea/vomiting, nystagmus 眼球震颤 |
| Streptomycin | For TB bacteria
Gp: ABX - Aminoglycosides
SE: renal (kidney) toxicity, ototoxicity (hearing loss), dizziness, nausea/vomiting, nystagmus 眼球震颤 |
| Azithromycin | Zithromax
Gp: ABX - Macrolides
SE: abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, nausea/vomiting |
| Clarithromycin (Clara 嗌 thro 買先) | Klacid 基酸
GP: ABX - Macrolides
SE: abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, nausea/vomiting,
taste alterations (clarithromycin) |
| Erythromycin | Erythrocin
GP: ABX - Macrolides
SE: abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, nausea/vomiting |
| Levofloxacin 尼奧放曬先 | Cravit
GP: Fluoroquinolones
SE: nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, lethargy, insomnia, photosensitivity (can be severe) [唔好曬太陽] |
| Ciprofloxacin | Ciproxin
GP: Fluoroquinolones
SE: nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, lethargy, insomnia, photosensitivity (can be severe) [唔好曬太陽] |
| Vancomycin | Vancocin
Gp: Glycopeptides
SE: red man syndrome (flushing, hypotension, itching); phlebitis; telavancin: taste alteration, nausea/vomiting, headache, dizziness [IV infusion over 60 mins can slove] |
| Clindamycin | Dalacin C
Gp: Others
SE: pseudomembranous colitis (may be severe) [ >8 weeks 肚瀉], diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, rash, hypersensitivity, jaundice (clindamycin) |
| Metronidazole (咪嘈leader 數(錢)) | Flagyl
Gp: Other
SE:nausea/vomiting, dizziness, headache, vaginal candidiasis, metallic taste,may discolor urine red-brown |
| Hydrochorothiazide | Gp: Thiazide Diuretics
For: edema
M: inhibit Na/Cl in distal tubule
SE: Hypo*Kalemia, Hypo*natremia, metabolic alkalosis |
| Ethambutol | EMB-fatol
Gp: Drug for TB ( attack bacterial cell wall )
For: TB
SE: convulsion, Vit B6 deficiency, Hepatotoxcity,
Remarks: take with food , monitor liver function |
| Holopon 好啦啵 | Hyosine methobromide
Gp: antispasmodics + alter gut motility
For: 抗腸抽筋
SE: allergy, urine retention |
| Losartan 老沙田 | Cozaar 高沙
GP: Angiotensin II receptor blocker
M: inhibit AII -> lower fluid retention , vasoconstriction
For: Hypertension
SE: Renal failure ! |
| Zocor | Simvastatin
Gp: Lipid-lowing drug
For: 降血脂藥, if high LDL found
SE: hepatotoxicity |
| Epilim (app pi 連) | Sodium valproate
Gp: anticoncvulsants (for neuromuscular )
For: 抗抽筋藥
SE: unsusal movements, hair loss |
| Phensedyl | Promethazine
Gp: Cough center suppressants in medulla oblongata
SE: Nausea, constipation
For: non-productive cough |
| Aminophyline | Gp: Bronchodilator -- Methylxanthines
M: 1. inhibit PED, in^ cAMP => relaxing bronchial smooth muscle
2. inhibit adenosine =>reduce constriction
For: Asthma / bronchospassm
SE: Tradycardia, nervousness, restlessness / Insomia |
| Theophyline [theo飛線漏奶] | Neuline 漏奶
Gp: Bronchodilator -- Methylxanthines
M: 1. inhibit PED, in^ cAMP => relaxing bronchial smooth muscle
2. inhibit adenosine =>reduce constriction
For: Asthma / bronchospassm
SE: Tradycardia, nervousness, restlessness / Insomia |
| Becloforte 250mcg/dose(必可復)
Becotide 50mcg/dose | Beclomethasone 必可米花鬆
Gp: steroid for asthma
M: reduce inflammatory response
SE: insomnia, peptic ulcer, fat, muscle wasting, poor wound healing
Remarks: 最後先噴, 噴完要洗口!! |
| Seretide | = Salmeterol (b2 agoinst) + Fluticasone (steroid)
Gp: steroid for asthma
M: reduce inflammatory response
SE: insomnia, peptic ulcer, fat, muscle wasting, poor wound healing
Remarks: 最後先噴, 噴完要洗口!! |
| Fluoxetine 富豪填田 | Prozac
M:block reuptakes of 5HT
SE: Fewer anticholinergic effects, little sedation and weight gain
Nausea, diarrhoea, sedation, insomnia, anxiety, agitation, fits
Wider margin of safety in overdose
REMARKS:Equally effective with TCAs |
| Synalar cream | Fluocinolone (-nolone / nonide)
Gp: Topical steriods x anti-inflammation
M: 大白咬前列腺
SE: atrophy, acneiform eruptions
Insomnia, peptic ulcer, fat gain, muscle wasting, osteoporosis,poor wound healing |
| Dorzolamide | 多數黎買 (報紙) [-zolamide = CAI]
Group: Miotic - Carbonic Anhydease inhibitor (CAI)
For: constrict pupil, treat glaucoma
M: recuce humor produced by CA-II. Increase the aqueous outflow , decrease (intraocular pressure) |
| Brimonidine | 病毛你定
Gp: alpha-2 receptor agoinst
M: activate alpha-2 receptor in ciliary body => reduce aqueous humor production |
| Pilocarpine | 飄囉車片
Gp: Miotic -Muscarinic agoinst
SE: no spasm caused Remarks: half active as physotigmine |
| physotigmine | 快數的明
An alkaloid from the seeds of the physostigma venemosa plant
For: Miotic
M:Decrease intra-ocular pressure (i.o.p.) in glaucoma
SE:Spasm may last for 2-3 hours Remarks:Partially reverse the dilatation by atropine |
| Latanoprost | -prost (poster : prostaglandin analog / prostamide]
Group : Miotics
M: reduce aqueous inflow - vasoconstriction in ciliary body in^ queous outflow - dilation of aqueous veins |
| Dipivefrine | 地匹褔林
Gp: Mydriatics - alpha.beta agoinst
M: Converted to adrenaline Reduces aqueous inflow – vasoconstriction in ciliary body Increases outflow – dilation of aqueous and episcleral veins |
| Midazolam | Dormicum
For: short term sedation
SE: bronchospam, hypotension
Gp: Benzodiazepam
SE: bronchospam (spo2 mon) ,hypotension, |
| Diazepam | Valium
For: long term sedation
SE: resipatory depression, lactic acidosis, acur tubular necrosis |
| Zyrtec | Cetirizine hydrochloride 10mg daily
Gp: antihistamine (H1 receptor blocker)
For: allergic reaction e.g. urticaria
SE: Drowsiness, Dry mouth, headache |
