392 Ps asked top recall ex-classmates (free-recall test). They were shown photos and asked to recall names of people shown (photo recognition test) or given names and asked to match them to a photo (name-recognition test).
The type of coding mainly used in STM
Acoustic coding
Miller's (1956) review of research into STM
Found the capacity of STM to be 7 plus or minus 2. He suggested 'chunking' is used to combine individual letters or numbers into larger, more meaningful units (eg. telephone numbers, acronyms)
Duration
How long memory lasts
Peterson & Peterson's (1959) investigation of duration of STM
Ps shown nonsense trigrams and asked to recall them after 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18secs. During pause they performed an interferance task. They found when rehearsal is prevented, very little can stay in STM longer than 18secs.
The type of coding mainly used in LTM
Semantic coding
Encoding
Transferring items of info into code, creating a 'trace'
Articulatory-phonological loop.
One of the 'slave systems' proposed in the WMM. Holds speech-based information. Consists of the 'inner ear' and the 'inner voice'.
Visuo-spatial sketchpad.
One of the 'slave systems' proposed in the WMM. Deals with temporary storage of visual and spatial information.
Multi-Store Model
Atkinson & Shiffrin's model of memory: contains SM, STM and LTM
