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GCSE 1. Population
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Population structure | How the population is composed of different age groups and genders |
| Elderly dependents | People over 65 (Pensioners) |
| Child dependents | People under the age of 16 who are at school and therefore dependent (14 in many LEDCs) |
| Infant mortality | Death of children under the age of 1 per 1000 live births |
| Life expectancy | The average lengthy of life, measured by the health standards in year of birth |
| Economically active | People of working age (16-65 in UK). These provide the taxes to support the dependent |
| Death rate | The number of people dying per 1000 population |
| Birth rate | The number of babies born per 1000 population |
| Fertility rate | The average number of babies born to a woman |
| Population Pyramid | A graph which measures age groups and gender |
| Dependency ratio | The number of dependents for each economically active person |
| Family Planning | A government scheme to help families consider the number of children they will have, to use birth control |
| Contraception | Methods to prevent preganancy such as condoms and the pill |
| Overpopulation | When the number of people exceeds the resources |
| Demographic transition model | This graph shows how birth rates and death rates change as a country develops |
| Baby boom | When a larger number of children are born - often following a war |
| Urbanisation | A growing percentage of the population living in towns and cities (different to urban growth) |
| Rural to urban migration | Movement from the countryside to cities |
| Migration | The permanent movement from one place to another, internal or external from a country |
| Origin | The source of the people moving (migrants) |
| Destination | Where migrants wish to live |
| Asylum Seekers | People seeking safety in another country, fearing death or discrimination if they return |
| Refugees | People escaping into another country, from war or natural disasters |
| Immigration | People moving into a country |
| Emigration | People moving out of a country |
| Push factors | The reasons at the origin that cause people to leave |
| Pull factors | Thje reasons which attract migrants to their destination |
| Economic migrant | A person whose reasons for moving are based on money and improving their standard of living (eg Polish workers in the UK) |
| Shanty towns | Low cost, self built housing in many LEDC cities which cannot cope with the number of migrants from the countryside (eg Dharavi in Mumbai and 'kampungs' in Indonesia) |
| Self Help Schemes | A scheme where materials are provided by city council but migrants complete improvements to the shanty towns themselves |
| Counterurbanistion | When people leave the big cities to move to more rural areas on the outskirts or less densely populated regions (eg London to South West) |
| Megacity | Cities over 10 million people, aminly found in LEDCs as a result of rural urban migration |
| Replacement rate | 2.1 - the fertility rate needed for enough children to be born to balance out the dying |
| Natural increase | The difference between birth and death rate |
| Greying population | An increase in the number of elderly dependents due to increasing life expectancy |
Created by:
Rayrayy
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