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BHSWG concepts #2
BHSWG- Human Geography terms part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| BIRTH RATE | The number of live births per thousand people |
| DEATH RATE | The number of deaths per thousand people |
| FERTLITY RATE | This shows the average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime, if she had children at the current rate for her country |
| INFANT MORTALITY RATE | The number of deaths among infants under age one per thousand live births. |
| CARRYING CAPACITY | The number of organisms a piece of land can support. |
| POPULATION DENSITY | The average number of people who live in a measurable area, such as a square mile. This figure is determined by dividing the number of inhabitants in an area by the total amount of land they occupy |
| POPULATION PYRAMID | A graphic device that shows sex and age distribution of a population. This is used to examine how events in society, such as wars, famine, or epidemics, affect the population of a country or region |
| NATURAL INCREASE | Determines the rate at which population is growing by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate |
| PUSH PULL FACTORS | The factors involved that would cause someone to migrate from one location to another. |
| IMMIGRATION | the act of moving into a country for the purpose of permanent residence |
| EMIGRATION | the act of leaving one’s country or region to settle in another. |
| CULTURE | The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members of a specific group. |
| DIALECT | Versions of a language; this reflects changes in speech patterns related to class, region, or other cultural changes. |
| ETHNIC GROUP | A specific group of people that share language, customs, and a common heritage. This group has an identity as a separate group of people within the region where they live. |
| CULTURAL HEARTH | A site of innovation from which basic ideas, materials, and technology diffuse to many cultures. |
| CULTURAL DIFFUSION | The spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior between people of different societies, as they come into contact with one another. |
| ACCULTURATION | This occurs when a society changes because it accepts or adopts an innovation. |
| INNOVATION | Taking existing technology and resources and creating something new to meet a need. |
| DIALECT | Versions of a language; this reflects changes in speech patterns related to class, region, or other cultural changes. |
| RELIGION | A belief in a supernatural power or powers that are regarded as the creators and maintainers of the universe. |
| MONOTHEISM | A belief in one god. (Ex- Christianty, Islam, Judaism) |
| POLYTHEISM | A belief in many gods. (Ex- Hinduism) |
| ANIMISM | Often called “traditional”, this is a belief in divine forces in nature |
| SYNCRETISM | the blending of different religious beliefs |
| NATION | Refers to a group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity. |
| STATE | This term describes an independent unit that occupies a specific territory and has full control of its internal and external affairs. |
| NATION-STATE | A nation and a state that occupy the same territory. |
| DEMOCRACY | In this type of government, citizens hold political power, either directly or through elected representatives. (Ex- USA) |
| COMMUNISM | In this government and economic system, nearly all political power and means of production are held by the government, in the name of all the people. (Ex- China) |
| MONARCHY | In this type of government a ruling family headed by a king or queen holds political power and may or may not share the power with citizen bodies. (Ex- the United Kingdom or Saudi Arabia.) |
| DICTATORSHIP | In this type of government an individual or group holds complete political power. (Ex- North Korea) |
| ECONOMY | This consists of the production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people. |
| ECONOMIC SYSTEM | The way people produce and exchange goods and services |
| MARKET ECONOMY | In this type of economy, production of goods and services is determined by the demand from consumers. Also called capitalism. |
| MIXED ECONOMY | This type of economy is a combination of command and market economies and provides goods and services so that all people will benefit. |
| COMMAND ECONOMY | In this type of economy, production of goods and services is determined by a central government, which usually owns the means of production. Production does not necessarily reflect the consumer demand. Also called a planned economy. |
| TRADITIONAL ECONOMY | In this type of economy, goods and services are traded without exchanging money (barter). |
| PRIMARY ACTIVITY | This type of activity involves gathering raw materials such as timber for immediate use or to use in the making of a final product. |
| SECONDARY ACTIVITY | This type of activity involves adding value to materials by changing their form. Manufacturing automobiles is an example. |
| TERTIARY ACTIVITY | This type of activity involves providing business or professional services. Salespeople, teachers, or doctors are examples. |
| QUATERNARY ACTIVITY | This type of activity involves providing information, management, and research services by highly-trained persons. |
| PER CAPITA INCOME | The average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit. |
| GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP) | The total value of all goods and services produced by a country over a year or some other specified period of time. |
| GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) | The total value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. |
| CULTURAL CONVERGENGE | The growing similarity between national cultures, including beliefs, values, aspirations; tendency for cultures to become more alike as they interact |
| CULTURAL ASSIMILATION | When a person blends into the surrounding culture; takes on similar beliefs & practices of a culture that was once not their own. |
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