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Geo ch.5
Languages
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| language | a system of communication through speech, movement, sounds, or symbols that a group of people understands to have the same meaning |
| institutional language | used in work, education, mass media, and government |
| vigorous language | in daily use by people of all ages, but it lacks a literary tradition |
| developing language | in daily use by people of all ages |
| threatened language | used for face-to-face communication, but it is losing users |
| dying language | used by older people, but it is not being transmitted to children |
| language family | a collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed long before recorded history |
| language branch | a collection of languages within a family related through a common ancestral language |
| language group | a collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past |
| lingua franca | a language of international communication (ex. English) |
| official language | used by the government to enact legislation, publish documents, and conduct other public business |
| working language | designated by an international organization or corporation as its primary means of communication for daily correspondence and conversation |
| pidgin language | created by learning a few grammar rules and words of a lingua franca and mixing in elements of a different language - has no native speakers |
| dialect | a regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronounciation |
| standard language | the dialect considered the most acceptable |
| isogloss | a word-use boundary with a degree of geographic extent |
| north dialect | originated in East Anglia and developed in New England |
| south dialect | originated in Southeastern England and represented a diversity of social class backgrounds |
| midland dialect | originated in northern England and developed in Pennsylvania |
| creole/creolized language | a language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated |
| endangered language | a language that children are no longer learning, and its remaining speakers use it less frequently |
| isolated language | a language unrelated to any other and therefore not attached to any language family (ex. Basque) |
| extinct language | a language once used by people in daily activities but is no longer in use (ex. Liv and Clallam) |
Created by:
imr36093
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