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chapter 1
North America
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Borderland | A place where two entities (nations or areas) border each other |
| Transition Zone | An area where to adjacent realms or regions join; marked by a gradual shift to distinguish neighboring geographic entities from one another |
| Physiographic regions | Geographic areas that share distinct properties like landforms, rock type, and evolutionary history |
| Continentality | The farther you are from the ocean the more extreme weather you are bound to get |
| Rain shadow effect | A rain shadow is a patch of land that has been forced to become a desert because mountain ranges blocked all plant growing, rainy weather. One side of the mountain rains while the other snows |
| Federation | A political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government |
| Aquifer | Underground system for water contained within porous, water-bearing rocks |
| Fossil fuel | A natural fuel from coal or gas, formed in geological past from the remains of living organisms |
| Urban system | A heirarchical group of urban areas within a finite geographic area, like a country |
| American Manufacturing Belt | North Americas rectangular core area, who’s corners are Boston, Milwaukee, St. Louis, Baltimore |
| Distribution center | A main focus on economic activity specializing of goods, situated as a major hub on its regional transportation network |
| Intermodal connections | Facilities and activities related to the transfer of goods in transit from one transportation to another |
| Outer city | The non-central-city portion of the American metropolis |
| Deindustrialization | Is the process of social and economic change ignited by the removal or reduction of industrial activity/capacity in an area that was formerly supported by the manufacturing industry. |
| Central business district (CBD) | The downtown heart of a central city; marked by highland values |
| Information economy | Is an economy with an increased emphasis on informational activities and information industry |
| GPS | The orbiting-satellite-based navigation system that provides locational and time information; anywhere near Earth or on Earth requires four or more |
| Gentrification | A process where wealthy, college-educated individuals begin to move into poor or working-class communities, often people with color in those communities |
| Neighborhood effect | An economic and social science concept that neighborhoods have either direst or indirect effect on individual behaviors |
| Residential geography | The distribution of residential populations; this term is mostly used by urban geographers to describe the clustering of various social groups |
| Sunbelt | A strip of territory receiving a high amount of sunshine |
| Migrations | A change in residence intended to be permanent |
| Electoral geography | Is the analysis of the methods, the behavior, and the results of elections in the context of geographic space and using geographical techniques |
| Melting pot | A place where a variety of races, cultures, or individuals assimilate into a cohesive while |
| First Nations | Is a term used to describe aboriginal people of Canada who are ethnically neither Métis nor Inuit |
| World-city | A large city with particularly significant economic linkages that also has a high rating in the global urban system |
| Technopole | A planned techno-industrial complex that innovates, promotes, and manufactures the products of the postindustrial information economy |
| Pacific Rim | Is the geographic area surrounding the Pacific Ocean; it covers the western shores of North America and South America |
| Tar sands | A deposit of sand impregnated with bitumen |
| Boreal forests | A forest that grows in regions of the northern hemisphere with cold temperatures; mostly made of cold tolerant coniferous species such as spruce and fir |