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Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Borderland | General turn for linear zone that parallels a political boundary. |
| Transition Zone | An area of spatial change where the peripheries of two adjacent realms or regions join |
| Physiographic Region | The number of people per unit area of arable land |
| Continentality | The variation of the continental effect on air temperatures in the interior portions of the world’s landmasses |
| Rain Shadow Affect | The relative dryness in areas downwind of mountain ranges resulting from orographic precipitation |
| Federation | A country adhering to a political framework wherein a central government represents the various subnational entities |
| Aquifer | An underground reservoir of water contained within a porous, water-bearing rock layer |
| Fossil Fuel | The energy resources of coal, natural gas, and petroleum (oil), so named collectively because they were formed by the geologic compression |
| Urban System | A hierarchical network or grouping of urban areas within a finite geographic area, such as a country |
| American Manufacturing Belt | North America’s near-rectangular core area, whose corners are Boston, Milwaukee, St. Louis, and Baltimore |
| Distribution Center | A centralized focus of economic activity specializing in the distribution of goods, situated as a major hub on its regional transportation network |
| Intermodal Connections | Facilities and activities related to the transfer of goods in transit from one transportation mode to another |
| Outer city | The non-central-city portion of the American metropolis; no longer “sub” to the “urb. |
| Deindustrialization | A process in which companies relocate manufacturing jobs to other regions or countries with cheaper labor |
| Central business District | The downtown heart of a central city; marked by high land values, a concentration of business and commerce |
| Information economy | The new postindustrial economy that is maturing in the most highly advanced countries of North America, Europe, and the Pacific Rim |
| Gentrification | The upgrading of an older residential area through private reinvestment, usually in the downtown area of a central city |
| Neighborhood effect | The impact of one’s neighborhood on an individual’s outlook, aspirations, socialization, and life chances |
| Residential geography | The spatial distribution of a residential population |
| Sunbelt | The popular name given to the southern tier of the United States, which is anchored by the mega-States of California, Texas, and Florida |
| Migration | A change in residence intended to be permanent |
| Electoral geography | The spatial distribution of political preferences as expressed in voting behavior for political parties and/or candidates |
| Melting pot | Traditional characterization of American society as a blend of immigrant ethnic groups that over time were assimilated into a single societal mainstream |
| First Nations | Name given Canada’s indigenous peoples of American descent, whose U.S. counterparts are called Native Americans |
| World-City | A large city with particularly significant international (economic) linkages that also has a high ranking in the global urban system |
| Technopole | A planned techno-industrial complex that innovates, promotes, and manufactures the products of the postindustrial information economy |
| Pacific Rim | A far-flung group of countries and components of countries that face the Pacific and exhibit high levels of economic development |
| Tar sands | The main source of oil from non-liquid petroleum reserves |
| Boreal forest | The subarctic, mostly coniferous snowforest that blankets Canada south of the tundra that lines the Arctic shore; known as the taiga in Russia |
| GPS | The satellite-based navigation system that provides locational and time information |
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pl237261
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