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Geography Final
Final Exam, Physical Geography
| Regolith | Surface layer rock, above bedrock |
| Mass Wasting | Downhill movement of soil, regolith & bedrock under the influence of gravity |
| Soil | Biomass plus eroded rock |
| Erosion factors | Exposure, climate, weathering, composition of rock |
| Physical weathering | Frost, Salt Crystal growth, Exfoliation, Thermal, Biological |
| Frost physical weathering | 9% H2O expansion when frozen, happens in high alt, high lat, deserts |
| Salt Crystal Growth, physical weathering | water evaporates from sandstone pores, leaving salt crystals behind, crystals grow and disintegrate rock. Arid and semiarid regions |
| Exfoliation, physical weathering | rock is exposed at surface, pressure releases, rock expands |
| Chemical Weathering | The decomp or decay of minerals in rocks by chemical reactions with water, oxygen & acids. warm, moist climates. Hydrolysis, oxidation, carbonation. |
| Colluvium | Degraded debris collected at base of slope. Dry, gravitational. |
| Angle of Repose | slope that allows rock, sand, clay, to stay in place |
| Sediment | eroded material |
| Creep | extremely slow downhill movement of soil and regolith |
| Slide | big piece breaks away at once, steep angle |
| Flow | river of debris |
| Lahar | destructive mudflow on slopes of volcano |
| Karst Landscape | landscape underlain by eroded limestone aka caves/sinkholes. limestone caverns |
| Stalactites/Stalagmites | Roof/Floor |
| New deserts | growing 20,000 sq acres per year |
| Cone of Depression | leads to sinkhole |
| Aquiclude | Solid, impermeable area overlaying and or underlying an aquifer |
| Drainage basin | watershed |
| Brackish | not very salty |
| 3 gorges dam | 1.3333 miles long, china |
| Meander | Curve |
| Oxbow lake | isolated meander |
| Arcuate delta | older more build |
| older rivers | move slowly |
| younger rivers | more velocity |
| evapotranspiration | evaporation from stomata |
| sublimation | evaporation from snow and ice |
| alluvium | collected debris (sediment) at bottom of slope brought by water |
| gully | occasional river on a flat surface |
| Rill/Rivulet | Small stream |
| Stream erosion | hydraulic, abrasion, corrosion, potholes |
| Stream load | solid matter carried by a stream in dissolved form, in suspension and as bed load |
| Basin divide | highest peak |
| Aggregation | equal amounts of h2o and sediment |
| Nick point migration | corner of waterfall erodes |