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Everything Else
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| biosphere | animals/ living |
| hydrosphere | water |
| geosphere | rocks |
| atmosphere | air |
| 2 most abundant elements | oxygen and silicon |
| 2 most abundant minerals | Feldspar and quartz |
| most common rock on the surface of earth | sedimentary |
| characteristics of a mineral | inorganic, solid, defined chemical composition, orderly crystalline structure, naturally occurring |
| cleavage vs fracture | breakage pattern vs not |
| determines cleavage of fracture | strength of bonds between atoms |
| mineral made of oxygen-silicon tetrahedron | quartz |
| mineral's powder | streak |
| reflection of light off a mineral | diaphaneity |
| different types (diaphaneity) | transparent (quartz), opaque (magnetite), translucent (talc) |
| cid is used in mineralogy to test for | HCL (fizzes up) |
| mineral group: calcite, hematite, sulfur, quartz | carbonate, oxide, sulphur, silicate |
| 4 speciel tests | diaphaneity, elasticity, HCL, magnetite |
| how is each rock classified: sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic | particle size (detrital) & chemical composition (chemical), texture &mineral composition, foliated & non foliated |
| felsic, mafic (what creates difference) | light, dark, difference in silica |
| first and last to crystallize in magma (felsic or mafic) | olivine (mafic), quartz (felsic) |
| types of rocks produced by, rivers, deep in the crust, volcanoes, deep seas, melted rock in magma chamber that cooled, beaches | sedimentary(conglomerate), metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary (limestone), igneous, sedimentary (beaches) |
| sedimentary forms from what? | compaction, weathering followed by cementation, |
| igneous forms from what? | layering, cooling lava, melting followed by cooling, |
| metamorphic forms from what? | heat and pressure, foliation, chemically active fluids |
| obsidian | glassy, mafic, igneous, |
| limestone | sedimentary, calcium carbonate, large cells, |
| gneiss | metamorphic, foliated, high metamorphism |
| granite | felsic, igneous, coarse-grained |
| conglomerate | pebbles, sedimentary, detrital |
| quartzite | metamorphic, parent rock is sandstone |
| sandstone | sedimentary, medium grained, detrital |
| grabbro | mafic, course-grained, igneous |
| parent rock of metamorphic rock | original rock from which this rock was created |
| Contrast Regional Metamorphism vs Contact Metamorphism | changed by heat and pressure over wide area VS rock mineral and texture are changed by heat |
| frost wedging | cracking of rock by freesing and thawing; breaking rock into smaller pieces |
| dissolution | building up of sediments at the inside of curve of a stream (CO2 in water) |
| oxidation | a mild acid dissolves limestone and creates caverns; water and iron |
| hydrolysis | breaking down feldspar into clay; clay and water (feldspar) |
| unloading | uplift of a pluton and decreasing pressure/ splitting of igneous rock |
| mineral that weathers slowest/ fastest | quartz/olivine |
| mechanical weathering is where | far from equator |
| chemical weathering is where | near equator |
| slump | curved scar; fast |
| solifluction | slow, permafrost area |
| creep | slow, free/thaw area, best fences (slowest) |
| rockfall | fast, talus slope (fastest) |
| earthflow | fast, clay and lots of water, only sedoments |
| rockslide | fast, underlaying clay layer, lots of percipitation |
| soil horizons | O- organics, A- mineral matter, E- eluvation and leaching, B- clay, C- weathered bedrock R- not weathered bedrock |
| greatest angle of repose and least | gravel>sand>silt |
| deposited sediments: glacier, water, wind | erotics, meander, loess |
| what sediment would travel fastest in a stream | slit |
| dissolved load, suspended load, bed load, | silt, sand, gravel |
| discharge of stream | width(depth)(velocity) |
| gradient of stream | vertical drop/ distance |
| sediment with slowest permeability/ highest | biggest/ lowest |
| Snake River Aquifer contains | fractures basalt |
| groundwater discharge | Q= dh/dl times KA (velocity times gradient times area) |
Created by:
miabegic2
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