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exam 1 definitions
exam 1 defntons
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| insolation | incoming solar radiation total solar radiation energy received on given surface area during given time |
| albedo | percent of insolation reflected |
| evapotranspiration | plant transpiration and sum of evaporation from earth's surfaces |
| global radiation balance | balance between incoming shortwave radiation from sun and outgoing longwave radiation from earth |
| latent heat | released when substance changes state |
| sensible heat | heat we can sense and feel |
| hydrosphere | water in all its forms |
| lithosphere | structural rock foundations on planet's surface |
| biosphere | earth's living plants and organisms |
| atmosphere | composed of gases that envelop and protect the planet |
| IPCC | 800+ scientists who study climate change by amassing data |
| aphelion | when earth is the furthest from the sun |
| periphelion | earth is closest to sun |
| longitude | horizontal lines |
| latitiude | vertical lines |
| circle of illumination | divides shadowed and lit hemisphere |
| solarday | defined by one complete rotation |
| solarnoon | time of highest solar angle |
| sextant | device used to find latitude |
| subsolar point | point when direct solar rays are 90 degrees |
| equinox | subsolar point @ equator causing 12 hour day and night everywhere |
| polar projection | map size decreases with latitude |
| mercator projection | map scale increases with latitude longitude lines become parallel and straight |
| goode projection | sizes are correct and the shapes are distorted |
| GIS | computer system of collection storage analysis and display of spatial data |
| axial tilt | earths axis tilted relative to orbital plane 23.5 degrees |
| GPS | geometrically determines location |
| International Dateline | line from N to S pole showing change in calendar day 180th meridian go west its the next day |
| earths rotation | 360 degrees |
| plane of the ecliptic | inclined at 23.5 degrees |
| royal observatory | location of prime meridian |
| prime meridian | where longitude is 0 degrees |
| parallelism | earths axis remains parallel as it revolves around the sun |
| solstice | equal 12 hour day and night at equator |
| electromagnetic radiation | emittes as collection of wavelengths |
| shortwave radiation | emitted by hot sun |
| longwave radiation | emitted by cooler earth |
| world latitude zones | based on: insolation variation in day length seasonal variability |
| equatorial | 0 to 10 |
| tropical | 10 to 25 |
| subtropical | 25 to 35 |
| midlatitude | 35 to 55 |
| subartic | 55 to 60 |
| artic | 60 to 75 |
| polar | 75 to 90 |
| snowball earth theory | albedo idea that earth was once giant frozen ball reflecting energy from the sun |
| tropospheric composition | nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide |
| counter radiation | long wave radiation from earth is absorbed into earth |
| scattering | direction of radiation scattered by atmospheric particles |
| absorption | radiaation absorbed into gas liquid or solid and heats up |
| effects of clouds | clouds make planet cooler by absorbing radiation clouds make planet warmer by trapping heat in atmosphere |
| isobars | lines of equal temperature on a weather map |
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