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Geography
jacobs 1-3
| term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical weathering | the decomposition of earth materials because of chemical reactions that include oxidation, hydration, and carbonation |
| Aquifer | underground porous and premeable rock that is capible of holding groundwater. Especially rock that supplies economically significant quanties to wells, ect. |
| Seismic Waves | Vibrations within the earth, set off by earthquakes |
| Sinkholes | A deep suface depression formed when ground collapses into a subterranian covern. |
| Richter Scale | a logirithmic scale used to express the magnitude of an earthquake. |
| Tsunami | sea waves generated when an earthquake, eruption, or underwater landslide abruptly moves the seabed, julting the waves above. |
| Fold | a bend or wrinkle in rock resulting from compression and formed when the rock was in a plastic state. |
| Faults | Breaks or fractures in rocks produced by stress or movements in lithosperic plates |
| Conic Projections | used to portray hemispheres. a map projection based on projection of grid system onto a cone as the presumed developable surface. |
| Conformal Projections | A map projection on which the shapes of small areas are accurately portrayed. |
| Scale | amount of reduction on a map. |
| large scale map | lots of detail, shows a small area. |
| Small scale map | lose detail, ex. a world map |
| Weather | what is happening outside. -precipitation, temperature, wind, ect. |
| Climate | weather over time. the averages, extremes, patterns, temperature, and percipitation in an area. |
| Troposphere | Where most of the weather occurs. |
| Summer Solstice | June 21, north is pointed toward the sun. |
| Aphelion | July 4th, the eath is furthest from the sun. 94.3mm |
| Perihelion | Janurary 4th, earth is closest to the sun!!!! |
| Igneous Rocks | formed by the cooling and solidification of molten rocks. |
| Intrusive Rocks | formed below the ground- magma, quartz, granite |
| Extrusive Rocks | formed above the ground- lava, fledspar, basalt |
| Sedimentary Rocks | are composed of particles of gravel, sand, silt, and clay that were eroded from already exsisting rocks. ex. limestone, shale, sandstone, conglomerate |
| Metamorphic rock | are formed by ignious and sedimentary rocks by earth forces that generate heat, pressure, or chemical reactionsshale-slategranite-marble |
| Air Masses | large bodies of air with similar temps, and humidity characteristics. |
| Soil | A layer of fine material containing organic matter (dead plants/animals), inorganic matter (weathered rock materials), air, and H2O that rests on the bedrock underlying it. |
| Ogallala Aquifer | Supplies 1/4 of all groud water in the country. used for irrigation. |
| Hurricanes | an intense tropical cyclone, begins in a low pressure zone over warm water usually in the Northern hemispher. Has a calm eye. winds exceding 75mph. |
| tornado | the most violent of all storms. also the smallest storm. tornadoes are created by huge cululonimbus that sometimes travel in advance of a cold front. winds 300 mph. |
| Continental Drift | The theory that all land masses were once connected and then they drifted away from each other because of plate techtonics. |
| Alfred Wegner | 1912, proposed the theory of continential drift |
| Distortion in Maps | SADD, Shape, area, distance, direction. you can portray either shape or area accurately but not both. |
| Equal area/ equivlant Maps | maps that are equal in area. |
| Absolute Location | exact location, latitude and longitude |
| Realitive Location | the position of a place in relation to other places or things. not exact. |
| Absolute Distance | exact measurements -miles, kilometers |
| Relitive Distance | takes about an hour to get there, its around the corner. the mall is 5min away. |
| Earth age | 4.7 billion yrs. |
| Minerals | A mineral is a naturally occuring substance formed through processes that has a chemical compositions. |
| Reflections | Solar radiation is sent back to outerspace or diffused in the troposphere. Clouds and snow help to to reflect radiation. |
| Reradiation | the process where the earth absorbs the energy and the energy and then returns it back to the atmosphere in the form of terristrial radiation. |
| percipitaton | water particles-rain, sleet, snow, or hail- that falls from the atmosphere that reach the earths surface. |
| Earth Crust | thin cover of rock that lies on top of the lithosphere. |
| Lithosphere | a thin but strong solid shell of rocks, the outermost layer of the earth composed of crust and the upper mantal. |
| Land breeze | air flow from the lane toward the sea resulting from a night time pressure gradient that moves winds from the cooler land to the warm sea |
| Sea Breeze | air flow from the sea toward land resulting from a day time pressure gradient that moves winds from the cool sea to the warm land |
| Formal Region | a reginon that is distinguished by simalar characteristics1 |
| Vernacular Regions | rigions people believe to exist ex midwest |
| Lattude | lines running east and west but measured north and south, from the equator to the poles |
| The Grid System | lattuitde and longuitude based on 3 points noth and south poles and the equator imagirnay lines |
| longuitude | lines running north and south but measured east and west, from 0 degrees (prime meridian, greenwich, england) to 180 |
| Functional Region | a region deffinend by what occurs within it may have fuzzy bourndies |
| Cultural Landscapes | The visible imprint of human activity, its a responce to people ,ex copper hill and EPA |
| Orographic Percipitiation | occurs when warm air is forced to rise because of hills or mountouns percipitation on one side and dry on the other |
| Conventional Percipitation | results from rising, heated, moisrure laden air as it rises it cools producing rain |
| Oxbow lake | cressent shaped lake contained in an abbonded meander of a river |
| Aesthenosphere | partially nolten layer theat supports the lithosphere |
| orthophont map | a multi colored distortions free aril photo graph |
| Loess | a diposit of wind blown silt |
Created by:
jennifer08
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