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Chapter 3 and 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| solstice | either two times of the year ,when the suns rays shine directly overhead at noon at the furthest point N or S and that marks the beginning of summer and winter. |
| equinox | each of the two days in a year on which day and night are equal in lengh. |
| weather | the conditions of the atmospere at a particular location and time. |
| climate | the typical weather conditions at a particular location as observed over time. |
| precipitation | falling water droplets in the form of rain. |
| rain shadow | the land on the leeward side of hills or mountains that gets little rain from the desecending dry air. |
| hurricane | a storm that forms over warm tropical ocean waters. |
| typhoon | a tropical storm like a hurricane that occurs in the western pacific. |
| tornado | a powerful funnel shaped column of spiraling air . |
| blizzard | a heavy snow storm with winds more than 35 miles per hour and reduced visibility of less than one quarter mile. |
| drought | a long period without rain or with very minimal rainfall. |
| convection | the transfer of heat in the atmosphere by motion of the air. |
| el nino | a weather pattern created by the warming of the waters off the west coast of south america |
| greenhouse effect | the layer of gases released by the burning of coal and petroleum that traps solar energy. |
| tundra | the flat treeless land forming a ring around the artic ocean |
| permafrost | permanatly frozen ground. |
| ecosystem | an interdependent community ofplants and animals. |
| biom | a regional ecosystem. |
| deciduous | a named characteristic of broadleaf trees. |
| rain forest | a forest region located in the tropical zone. |
| coniferous | another word for needleleaf tree. |
| savanna | the term fot the flat green mostly tree less plants in a tropical grassland reigon. |
| steppe | the term used for the temperate grassland reigon in the northern hemishere. |
| culture | the total of knowlege ,attitudes and behaviours shared by and passed on by members of a group. |
| society | a group that shares a geographic region a common language and a sence of identety |
| ethnic group | a group of people who share there language customs and common heritage. |
| innvation | taking existing elements of society and creating something new and creative. |
| diffustion | the spread of ideas,ineventions or patterns of behaviors to different society. |
| cultural hearth | the place of origin of a major culture . |
| accultureation | the culture changed when individuals in a society adoptes an innoveton. |
| dialect | a version of a language that reflects changes in speech patterns |
| religion | the beleife in a supernatural power that are regarded a from the creators. |
| Birthrate | the number of live births per total population,often expressed per hour. |
| fertillity rate | the average number of children a woman of childbering years would have in her lifetime. |
| mortality rate | the number of deaths per thousands. |
| infant mortaity | the number of deaths among infants under age one as measured per thousand live birth. |
| rate of natural increase | also called population growth rate. |
| population pyramid | a graphic device that shows gender and age distrabution of a population. |
| push pull factors | a factor they causes people to leave their homelands . |
| population density | the average number of people who live in a measurable are. |
| carrying capacity | the number of organisums a peice of land can support without negative effects. |
| state | a politicial term describing an independent unit that occupies a specific terretory. |
| nation | a group of people with common culture living in a territory. |
| nation state | the name of a territory when a nation and a state occupy the same territory. |
| democracy | a type of government in which citizens hold polititial power either directly. |
| monarchy | a type of government in which a ruling family headed by a king hold polititial power |
| dictatorship | a type of government in which an individualholds complete political power. |
| socialism | the government controls most of a country means. |
| communism | a movment based on the teaching of confucius. |
| landlocked | having no outlet to the sea. |
| urban geography | the study of how people use space in cities. |
| city | an area that is the center of buisness and culture and has a large population. |
| suburb | a politial unit or community touching the borders of the central city. |
| metopolitian area | a functional are including a city and surrounding. |
| urbanization | the dramatic risee in the number of cities and the changes in life style that result. |
| central business district | the core of a city. |
| economy | the production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people. |
| economic system | the way people produce and exchange goods. |
| command economy | a type of econmic system in which production of goods . |
| market economy | a type of econimic system in which production of goods and services. |
| natural resorces | a material on or in the earth. |
| infastructure | the basic support system needed to keep an economy going. |
| per capita income | the average amount of money earned by each person in a polititial unit. |
| GNP | the total value of all goods and services produced by a country in a period of time. |
| free trade zones | an econimoc ststem. |
| outsourcing | reflecting the goods of and services produced in on country by a company based in another counrty. |
| gdp | the value of only goods and sevices produces with in a country in a period of time. |
Created by:
RachelTaylor
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