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ch.21,22,23
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| autonomy | independence |
| genocide | the systematic killing of intentional destruction of a people. |
| nationalism | pride in one's nation;the desire of a cultural group to rule themselves as a separate nation. |
| chernozen | a rich topsoil found in the Russian steppes and other mid-latitude grasslands. |
| yurt | a round tent made of a wooden framework and covered with felt or skins. |
| fundamentalism | a set of religious beliefs based on a strict interpretation of a sacred text. |
| desertification | the transformation of arable land into desert either naturally or through human intervention |
| mandate | a commission from the League of Nations authorizing a nation to govern a territory. |
| zonist | a member of a movement known as Zionism, founded to promote the establishment of an independent Jewish state. |
| self-determination | the right of a people to decide their own political future. |
| drip irrigation | a process by which precisely controlled amounts of water drip directly onto plants from pipes,thus preserving precious water resources in moisture. |
| potash | a mineral used in explosives and fertilizer. |
| infrastructure | the basic support permanent residents, community or country,such as roads and bridges, power plants, and schools. |
| falaj system | in the Arabian Peninsula, an ancient system of underground and surface canals. |
| agircultural revolution | the change from nomadic hunting and gathering to farming that took place about 8000 b.c. |
| civilzation | an advanced culture |
| monotheism | the belief in one god |
| protectorates | an area that has its own government but in controlled by an outside power. |
| chaparral | a type of natural vegetation that is adapted to Mediterranean climates; small evergreen trees and low bushes, or scrub. |
| poaching | illegal hunting. |
| desalination plants | the process of removing salt from seawater so that it can be used for drinking and irrigation. |
| nomads | a person who travels from place to place. |
| mosques | an Islamic place of religious worship. |
| muezzin | in Islam, a crier who calls the faithful to prayer five times each day from a minaret. |
| minaret | a tall, slender tower attached to a mosques. |
| trade deficit | the situation in which a country imports more that it exports. |
| trade surplus | the situation in which a country exports more than its imports. |
| ayatollah | |
| shah | |
| fertile crescent | |
| militia | |
| anarchy | |
| embargo | |
| secular | |