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Russia and Eurasia
Russia & Eurasia
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| taiga | Earth's and Russia's largest forest made up of coniferous trees |
| tundra | vast, treeless plain north of Arctic Circle with average temps below freezing |
| permafrost | permanently frozen layer of soil beneath surface of ground |
| Ural Mountains | Range/boundary between Europe & Asia rich in iron ore, oil, natural gas; separates developed from developing Russia; physical barrier between Eurasia & Asia |
| Lake Baikal | Earth's and Russia's oldest, deepest lake; holds 1/5th of world's freshwater |
| radioactive waste | contamination of water and air causing pollution from nuclear waste and weapons of mass destruction residue |
| steppe | wide, grassy plain with dry summers & long cold winters, rich chernozem soil, located in SW/SE Russia, Eastern Europe, parts of Mongolia |
| pesticides | pollution causing chemicals which run off into lakes & rivers, used to kill crop-destroying rodents & insects |
| chernozem | rich black soil good for agriculture in Northern European Plain where 75% of Russia's population lives |
| 3 characteristics of Russia | 1-largest country in world 2-formerly U.S.S.R. [Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; now a unified country 3-formerly communist with command economy; now an independent republic with market economy |
| Soviet-Era | period from 1922-1991 when Russia was part of U.S.S.R. and communist |
| nationality | people who share feelings of pride and common language, religion, customs, beliefs |
| satellite nations | Eastern European countries formerly controlled by U.S.S.R. superpower after World War II |
| communism | belief based on Karl Marx's ideas; called for overthrow of government and wealthy ruling class and creation of new society of workers |
| sovereignty | "self rule"; an independent nation has sovereignty but Russia's satellite nations did not have sovereignty |
| command economy | government run, communistic economy where resources [jobs, housing, businesses, production] are controlled by a central authoritative government |
| market economy | based on "free enterprise" with private ownership by individuals/companies, and production is based on "supply and demand" |
| privatization | when government owned companies change over to privately owned companies |
| Russification | government policy that encouraged people to speak Russian & practice Eastern Russian Orthodox Christianity to exclude non-natives from living in Russia [such as Jews & Muslims] |
| socialism | belief in economic equality [all land is public and wealth is shared equally] in society proposed by Karl Marx |
| Bolshevik Party | Revolutionary group led by Vladimir Lenin to overthrow the czars in 1917-1922 and create the U.S.S.R. communist government |
| intelligentsia | Soviet-era government officials educated in technology & politics, considered the "intellectual elite" in U.S.S.R. |
| Shatter Belt | Region marked by conflict & aggression due to location "stuck" between opposing [cultural/political] groups |
| glasnost | means "openness" in Russian; allowed free exchange of ideas in post-Cold War period |
| perestroika | policy of economic reforms ["restructuring"] by Pres. Gorbachev in order to move Russia toward a democratic, free enterprise economy |
| Moscow | Capital city of Republic of Russia and country's industrial center; home to Kremlin |
| Kremlin | home of government in Russia, located in Moscow, official name is "Russian Federation" |
| czar | leader and "supreme ruler" in pre-Soviet-Era Russia |
| kolkhozes | Soviet-Era farms worked by farmers who shared some of the profits |
| sovkhozes | Soviet-Era farms that were run like factories with farmers who were paid wages only for work done and no profits |
| serf | peasant-type worker who is bound to the land and controlled by nobility landowners |
| Chernobyl Disaster | Fire in nuclear reactor in 1986 killed & displaced thousands of Russians causing international pressure to shut down dangerous reactors |
| Trans-Siberian Railway | 6,000 miles long connecting Moscow to Vladivostok in interior of Russia |
| cyrillic | Slavic type of writing used primarily in Russia with unique lettering and symbols |
| westernization | movement proposed by czar Peter I [Peter the Great] creating stronger military, education & trading to bring Russia into the modern age |
Created by:
poffmoore
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