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WGeo
Chapter 3&4 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Culture | the way of life that distinguishes a people, for example, government, language, religion, customs, and belifs |
| Population Density | the average number of people living in a givin area |
| Birthrate | the number of live births each year per 1000 people |
| Immigrant | a person who moves into a country |
| Emigrant | a person who leaves a country to live elsewhere |
| Urbanization | the growth of city populations |
| Rural | of, or characteristics of, the countryside |
| Culture Hearth | a place in which important ideas begin and thereafter spread to surrounding cultures |
| Culture Convergence | the contact and interaction of one culture with another |
| Diffusion | the process by which a culture element is transmitted from one group or individual to another |
| Cultural Divergence | the restriction of a cultue from outside influences |
| Sovereignty | a countrys freedom and power to decide on policies and actions |
| Unitary System | a system of government in which one central government holds most of the political power |
| Federation | a government stucture in which some powers are givin to the national government and other powers are reserved for more local governments |
| Confederation | a system of government in which individual political units keep their sovereignty but give limited power to a central government |
| Authoritarian | descrptive of a system of government in which the leaders hold all political power |
| Dictatorship | a system of government in which absolute power is held by a small group or one person |
| Totalitarianism | a system of government in which a cenral authority controls all aspects of society |
| Monarchy | a system of authoritarian government headed by a monarch- king, queen, shah, or sultan- whoses position is usally inherited |
| Democracy | a system of government in which the people are invested with the power to choose their leaders and determine government policy |
| Traditional Economy | an economic system in which families produce goods and services for their own use, with little surplus and exchange of goods; also known as a subsistence economy |
| Market Economy | an economic system in which decisions about production, price, and other economic factors are determined by the law of supply and demand |
| Command Economy | an economic system thatis controlled by a single central government |
| Natural Resources | a material in the natural enviroment that people value and use to satisfy their needs |
| Renewable Resources | a natural resource that the enviroment continues to supply or replace as it is used |
| Nonrenewable Resources | a natural resource that cannot be replaced once it is used |
| Fossil Fuel | any one of tbe several nonrenewable mineral resources formed from the remains of accient plants and animals used for food |
| Nuclear Energy | a type of energy produced by fission- splitting of uranium atoms in a nuclear reactor, releasing stored energy |
| Water Power | energy produced from falling water to move machinery or generate electricity |
| Geothermal Energy | energy prodused from the earth's intence interior heat |
| Solar Energy | energy produced by the sun |
| Primary Economic Activity | takes or uses natural resourses directly, such as fishing or mining |
| Subsistence Farming | farming that provides only enough for the needs of a family or a village |
| Commercial Farming | the raising of crops and livestock for sale in markets |
| Secondary Economic Activity | people use raw materials to produce or manufacture new products of greater value |
| Cottage Indusrty | a small-scale manufacturing operation using little technology, often located in or near peoples homes |
| Commercial Industry | a large-scale manufacturing operation that employs many people many people and produces large quantities of goods |
| Tertiary Economic Activity | people do not directly gather or process raw materials but pursue activities that serve others; service industry |
| Quaternary Economic Activity | focuses on the acquisition, processing, and sharing of information, such as education or research |
| Export | an item that is sent out of the country for sale |
| Import | an item that is brought in to a country for sale |
Created by:
laurengrawunder
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