Question | Answer |
ALPHA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS | dilate peripheral blood vessels, lowering of peripheral resistance and the lowering of blood pressure. |
ANTACIDS | neutralize gastric acidity. |
ANTIANGINALS | nitrates,calcium channel blockers, and b-adrenergic blockers. |
Nitrates | dilate coronary arteries, decrease preload and afterload. |
Calcium channel blockers | also dilate coronary arteries, but they also
decrease SA/AV node conduction |
β -Adrenergic blockers | slow the heart rate, thus decreasing O2 use. |
ANTICHOLINERGICS | Inhibit acetylcholine (autonomic nervous system) |
ANTICOAGULANTS | Prevent clot formation |
ANTICONVULSANTS | barbiturates,hydantoins,succinimides,benzodiazepines and others |
ANTICONVULSANTS | Act to prevent seizures |
ANTIDEPRESSANTS | MAOIs,tricyclics, and others |
MAOIs | inhibit MAO and thus they increase epinephrine,
norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine |
Tricyclics | block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in the
nerve endings, thus increasing the actions of both in the nerve cells |
ANTIDIABETIC MEDICATIONS | insulins of varying kinds, and oral hypoglycemic agents |
Insulin | lowers blood sugar, potassium and phosphate |
Oral hypoglycemic agents | stimulate the β -cells of the pancreas to
release insulin |
ANTIDIARRHEALS | some decrease water content of stool, some slow
down GI peristalsis |
ANITDYSRHYTHMICS | • Class I
• Class II
• Class III
• Class IV
• Others |
Class I | decreases any disparity in the refractory period, increases the
duration of action potential and effective refractory period |
Class II | slows down the rate of SA node discharge and conduction through the AV node.
Increases recovery time and decreases the heart rate |
Class III | increases effective refractory period as well as the duration of action potential |
Class IV | decreases SA node discharge and slows the conduction velocity through the AV node; they also inhibit calcium movement
across the cell. |
Others | slows conduction through the AV node (adenosine) and
increases the refractory period in the AV node and decreases conduction velocity (digoxin) |
ANTIFUNGALS | decreases sodium, potassium and nutrients in the cell and increases cell permeability |
ANTIHISTAMINES | antagonists of histamine |
ANTIHYPERTENSIVES | • angioten
sin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
• b-adrenergic blockers
• calcium channel blockers
• centrally acting adrenergics
• diuretics
• peripherally acting antiadrenergics, and
• vasodilators |
Angiotensin | dilatation of the arterial and venous systems occur through the suppression of renin-angiotensin I to angiotensin II conversion |
Centrally acting adrenergics | inhibit impulses in the CNS and the
sympathetic nervous system, decreases cardiac output, blood pressure
and pulse rate |