Question | Answer |
synthesizes lipids | Smooth ER |
produces secretory proteins | Rough ER |
modifies and sorts proteins | Golgi Apparatus |
Defines cell shape | cytoskeleton |
Digests proteins | Lysosome |
Generates ATP | Mitochondria |
assembles ribosomes | nucleus |
nucleoid, lysosome, mitochrondria, plasma membrane,nucleolus, flagella, ribosomes--> categorize into pro, euka, and both | pro- nucleoid
euka- mitochondria, lysosome, nucleolus
both- plasma membrane, flagella, ribosomes |
In eukaryotic flagella, the fibres that slide past one another due to the activity of dynein proteins are _______________. | microtubules |
Many cell organelles, most notably the nucleus, are anchored by __________ which are assembled from a diverse class of proteins. | Intermediate filaments |
Centrosomes are sites where proteins assembles dimers into ______________. | microtubules |
The extension of pseudopodia in amoeba is due to the regulated assembly and destruction of _____________. | microfilaments |
The only cytoskeletal fibres not associated with intercellular movement of the whole cell locomotion are the _________________. | Intermediate filaments |
During muscle contractions myosin motor proteins move across tracks of ___________________. | microfilaments |
-Roles of Endomembrane System-
*Calcium ion storage
*poison detoxification
*cisternal maturation
*lipid synthesis
*protein synthesis
*protein modification and sorting
*macromolecule digestion
*autophagy
-->lysosome, smooth/rough ER, or golgi? | lysosome- macromolecule digestion,autophagy
smooth ER- lipid synthesis, Ca+ storage, poison detoxification
rough ER- protein synthesis
Golgi- protein modification and sorting, cisternal maturation |
proteins synthesized by free ribosomes? (cytosol) | DNA polymerase, ribosomal protein, actin |
proteins synthesized by bound ribosomes? (endomembrane system) | ER protein, lysosomal protein, insulin |
5 steps of the pathway of secretory proteins from synthesis to secretion in the endomembrane system? | endoplasmic reticulum, cis Golgi cisternae, medial Golgi cisternae, trans Golgi cisternae, plasma membrane |
Cells are exposed to a high concentration of a radioactively labeled amino acid for a short period to tag proteins that are being synthesized | the “pulse” phase
The higher the number, the greater the radioactivity-- most likely function of cells |
Any unincorporated radioactively labeled amino acids are washed away and large amounts of the same, but unlabeled, amino acid are added. | the “chase” phase |
exocyto, endocyto, BOTH
*require cellular energy
*-> surface area of p mem
*move substance never physically cross p mem
*<- surface area of p mem
*form vesicle from inward fold of p mem
*require fusion of vesicle with p mem
*secrete huge moles out | exocyto* -> surface area of p mem, require fusion of vesicale with p mem, secrete huge moles out of cell
endocyto* <- surface of p mem, form vesicle from inward fold of p mem
both* require cellular energy, move substane never physcially cross p mem |