Question | Answer |
Anatomy | Study of structure and shape of the body. |
Physiology | Study of functions of the body. Structure determines function. |
1: Chemical Level | Atoms |
2: Cellular Level | Cells |
3: Tissue Level | Tissues |
4: Organ Level | Organs |
5: Organ Systems | Skin, cardiovascular |
6: Organism | Shoop, etc. |
Integumentary System: Includes | Skin, hair and nails. |
Integumentary System: Function | Waterproofs the body, cushions and protects, excretion (sweat and tears). Regulates body temp. Pain, pressure and temp. receptors located here. |
Skeletal System: Includes | Bones, cartilages, ligaments and joint. |
Skeletal System: Function | Support and protect organs, provides framework for muscles, stores minerals. Blood cells are formed in bones. |
Muscular System: Includes | Skeletal, cardiac, smooth, muscle |
Muscular System: Function | Allows body to move. Facial expressions, posture, produces heat. |
Nervous System: Includes | Brain, spinal column, nerves, and sensory receptors. |
Nervous System: Function | Control system of body, responds to changing environment. Detects changes inside and outside the body. |
Endocrine System: Includes | Pituitary, thyroid, parapthyroid, adrenals, thymus, pancreas, pineal, ovaries and testes glands. |
Endocrine System: Function | Maintain homeostasis, secrete hormones. |
Cardiovascular System: Includes | Heart, blood vessels. |
Cardiovascular System: Function | Blood vessels transport blood throughout the body. Heart pumps blood. |
Lymphatic System: Includes | Lymph nodes, Lymphatic vessels, spleen, tonsils. |
Lymphatic System: Function | Cleans the body and blood. Immune cells found here. |
Respiratory System: Includes | Larynx, lungs, pharynx, trachea, nasal passages, bronchi. |
Respiratory System: Function | Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. |
Digestive System: Includes | Esophagus, stomach, mouth, intestines, rectum. |
Digestive System: Function | Breaks down food into usable units for energy. Ends with excrement. |
Urinary System: Includes | Kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra. |
Urinary System: Function | Eliminate waste from body. Regulates water and salt balance of blood. |
Reproductive: Includes | Testes, penis, ovaries, uterus, vagina. |
Reproductive: Function | Production of offspring. |
Things we NEED to survive | Water, Oxygen, Appropriate body temp., Nutrients, Atmospheric pressure, Homeostasis. |
Homeostasis | Maintenance of a stable internal environment. |
Homeeostatic Imbalance | A disturbance resulting in disease. |
Negative Feedback | Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms. Shuts off original stimulus, or reduces its intensity. |
Positive Feedback | Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther. Blood clotting, birth of a baby. |
Anatomical Position | Standing erect with palms facing forward. |
Superior | Towards head/above. |
Inferior | Towards feet/below. |
Anterior/Ventral | Front. |
Posterior/Dorsal | Back. |
Medial | Towards the middle. |
Lateral | Towards the outside. |
Proximal | Closer to point of origin. |
Distal | Further from point of origin. |
Superficial | On the surface. |
Deep | Away from surface, internal. |
Body Plane: Median | Divides the body into left and right parts. |
Body Plane: Frontal | Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. |
Body Plane: Transverse | Divides the body into superior and inferior parts. |
Cranial Cavity | Brain |
Spinal Cavity | Spinal Chord. |
Thoracic | Heart, lungs, etc. |
Abdominal | Digestive |
Pelvic | Urinary and reproductive. |