Question | Answer |
DM risk factors | -family history -obesity (>20% BMI)
- black, asian ->45yrs old -hypertension >140/90 -HDL <35 -triglyceride >250 -gestational history or babies over 9 lbs |
us leading cause of: | nontraumatic amputation
blindness in working age adults
end stage renal disease |
3rd leading cause of death due to: | MI, CVA, PVD |
what does insulin do? | transports & metabolized glucose for energy / stimulates storage of glucose in liver and muscle (glycogen) / signals liver to stop glucose release / enhances storage of dietary fat in adipose tissue / accelerates trasport of amino acids into cells |
what does the pancreas do during fasting periods? | releases small amounts of insulin (basal insulin) |
what do insulin & glucagon do together? | maintain constant level of glucose in the blood by stimulating release of glucose from liver |
metabolic syndrom includes: | hypertension
hypercholesterolemia
abdominal obesity |
DKA does not typically occur in type2 DM, but uncontrolled type 2 may lead to | hyperclycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome |
% of type 1 DM
% of type 2 DM | 5-10 % type 1
90-55 % type 2 |
hyperglycemia
elevated glucose leads to: | intracellular dehydration
diuretic effect
polyuria & electrolyte imbalance
impaired O2 transport to tissues
(increased microbial growth) |
the 3 P's
signs of hyperglycemia | polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia (excessive hunger) |