Question | Answer |
DNA | Nucleic acid containing an individuals genes |
GENES | Region of DNA that codes for a protein |
ALLELES | Different forms of a gene |
DOMINANT | An allele that is always expressed |
RECESSIVE | An allele that "can" be hidden |
HOMOZYGOUS | Having 2 of the same alleles for a gene |
HETEROZYGOUS | Having different alleles for a gene |
EXPRESSED | The allele we can see evidence of |
PHENOTYPE | Describes characteristics as a result of a certain genotype |
CHROMOSOMES | Combination of DNA proteins found inside a cell going through mitosis |
AUTOSOMES | Chromosome pair 1-22 |
SEX CHROMOSOMES | Chromosome pair 23 in humans |
KARYOTYPE | Microscopic appearance of chromosomes |
DIPLOID | Having the normal 23 pairs of chromosomes |
ANEUPLOID | Having an abnormal number of chromosomes |
MONOSOMY | Missing a chromosome |
TRISOMY | Having an extra copy of a chromosome |
Hematocrit | percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells |
MCV | Average size of a RBC |
ANEMIAS | Diseases that decrease the ability of blood to carry oxygen |
LEUKEMIAS | Diseases causing dramatic increase in number of leukoblasts |
POLYCYTHEMIA | Having abnormally high number of erythrocytes |
PANCYTOPENIA | A decreased number of ALL normal blood cells |
Eurythrocytopenia | decrease in number of red blood cells |
Leukopenia | decrease in number of white blood cells |
Thrombocytopenia | low number of platelets |
Hemophilia | decrease in activity in a clotting factor |
Thallasemias | genetic anemia, resulting in decreased synthesis of globin |
Intrinsic Factor | Factor from within the body, |
Extrinsic factor | factor coming from outside the body, ex b12 |
Auscultation | Diagnostic procedure that listens to body sounds |
Echocardiography | Ultrasound of the heart |
Stress test | electrocardiogram performed while heart rate is elevated |
Angiography | Contrast x-ray showing circulation |
Cardiac Markers | Proteins released from damaged cardiac tissue |
Normal Sinus Rhythm | Having a normal heart rate |
Bradycardia | Heart rate less than 60 bpm |
Tachycardia | Heart rate greater than 100 bpm |
Valvular incompetence | Inability for a valve to open/close properly |
Valvular Stenosis | Inability to open completely |
Valvular Prolapse | When an AV valve swings into atrium when it should be closed |
Atherosclerosis | Buildup of plaque in blood vessels |
Arteriosclerosis | Hardening of arteries |
Arteriostenosis | Narrowing of arteries |
Ischemia | Local decrease in blood flow due to obstruction |
Angina Pectoris | Chest pains as a result of myocardial ischemia |
Myocardial infarctions | Ischemic necrosis of heart muscle (heart attack) |
TIA | Temporary decrease in cerebral function as result of ischemia. |
Cerebral infarction | (Stroke) ischemic necrosis of the cerebrum |
Secondary Hypertension | Chronic high blood pressure, complication of another condition |
Primary Hypertention | Chronic high blood pressure, unknown origin |
Aneurysm | Localized dilation of artery or chamber, resulting in weakness of a wall |
Hemoptysis | Coughing up blood from lungs |
Hypoxia | A lack of oxygen |
Hypercapnea | An excess of carbon dioxide |
Respiratory Acidosis | Decrease in pH of body fluids from CO2 buildup |
Atelectasis | Partial/complete collapse of lung tissue |
Pneumothorax | Presence of air between visceral and parietal pleura |
Bullae | Group of over-inflated alveoli |
Ulcer | Lesion through the skin or mucous membrane |
Peptic Ulcer | lesion caused by pepsin |
Duodenal Ulcer | Lesion in duodenum lining |
Gastric Ulcer | Lesion in stomach lining |
Esophageal Ulcer | Lesion in the esophagus |
Diverticulum | Pouch or sac develops off a tubular structure like the instestine |
Diverticulitis | Inflammation of pouch or sac |
Diverticulosis | Presence of diverticula in intestine |
Cholelithiasis | Presence of stones in gall bladder or biliary ducts |
Neuropathy | Disease of nervous tissue |
Myopathy | Disease of muscle tissue |
Intravenous Pyelogram | Contrast xray showing structures that carry urine |
BUN | Blood test to indicate kidney function, measures Urea |
Creatine Clearance | Measure of kidney function, measures creatinine excreted in urine vs creatinine in blood |
Cystoscopy | Using an endoscope to examine the Bladder |