Question | Answer |
What is the smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for life? | cell |
Who was the first person to describe cells? | Hooke |
Who discovered single-celled organisms including bacteria? | Leeuwenhoek |
Who concluded that all plant parts were made of cells? | Schleiden |
Who concluded that all animal tissues were made of cells? | Schwann |
Who concluded that all cells come from existing cells? | Virchow |
Why can a chicken egg grow so large? | It doesn't have to take in nutrients |
What limits most cells to a very small size? | the surface area-to-volume ratio of the cell |
How would you calculate the surface area-to-volume ratio? | divide the total surface area of the cell by the cell's volume |
What are "animalcules" today known as? | protists |
Who helped to develop the microscope? | Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek |
What does the phrase "does everything needed for life" describe? | a cell |
Where do all cells come from? | cells |
What protects the inside of a cell from the outside world? | cell membrane |
How are archaebacteria different from eubacteria? | archaebacteria have different ribosomes |
Why did Robert Hooke think animals didn't have cells? | he couldn't see their cells in a microscope |
Which two things must be compared to explain why almost all cells are small? | surface area and volume |
What is an organelle that is membrane-bound? | it is surrounded by membranes |
What type of DNA do both archaebacteria and eubacteria have? | circular DNA |
What is cytoplasm? | the fluid inside a cell |
What are cells that have no membrane-covered organelles? | prokaryotic |
What four elements do all cells have in common? | cell membranes, organelles, cytoplasm and DNA |
What are three elements that plant cells have and animal cells do not? | cell walls, chloroplasts and chlorophyll |
Why weren't cells discovered until 1665? | almost all cells were too small to be seen with the naked eye |
What invention made cells discovery possible? | microscope |
When Robert Hooke saw the "juice" in some cells, what was he looking at? | cytoplasm |
What are ribosomes? | tiny, round organelles made of protein and other material |
What is the surface area-to-volume ratio? | the reason that most cells are limited to a very small size |
What is the cell membrane? | a protective layer that covers the cell's surface and acts as a barrier |
What are organelles? | small bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that are specialized to perform specific functions |
What contains the cell's DNA and has a role in growth, metabolism and reproduction? | nucleus |
What is a prokaryote? | an organism that consists of a single cell that doesn't have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelle |
What is eubacteria? | prokaryotes that are the smallest cells and have ribosomes |
What is archaebacteria? | prokaryotes that incude extremophiles |
What are extremophiles? | organisms that live in extreme conditions |
What is a eukaryote? | an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane |
What is DNA? | genetic material in cells |
What is a cell with a nucleus? | eukaryote |
What is cell without a nucleus? | prokaryote |
Where is DNA stored? | nucleus |
What is a word that describes most organisms that you can see with your nakeb eye? | multicellular |
What are the two basic kinds of cells? | eukaryotes and prokaryotes |
How do eukaryotes compare in size to prokaryotes? | eukaryotes are about 10 times larger |
Does eukaryote or prokaryote best describe humans? | eukaryote |