Question | Answer |
Cell cycle | All the stages a cell goes through including phases of growth, preparation for division, and division |
Interphase | Part of a cell's life cycle when it is living, growing, and getting ready to divide |
Asexual reproduction | Process of creating offspring or daughter cells using DNA from only one parent, and the resulting offspring or daughter cells are identical to the parent |
Cytokinesis | When copies of cell organelles (except the nucleus) move into new daughter cells |
Mitosis | Process of division of the nucleus in which the nucleus divides once to make identical nuclei for each of 2 identical daughter cells; a type of asexual reproduction |
Chromosome | What DNA is called during mitosis...DNA is wound up and easily visible |
Daughter cells | Name for cells at the end of cell division |
Offspring | Science term for children (relative to their parents) |
Fission | Type of asexual reproduction where an organism divides into two equal parts (the way bacteria reproduce) |
Budding | Type of asexual reproduction where a new organism grows from the body of the parent organism (hydra is an example) |
Regeneration | Type of asexual reproduction where a whole new organism grows from a piece of another organism (planarian worm is an example) |
Diploid | Adjective to describe a cell that has a set of matching chromosomes from each parent (46 chromosomes in a human, 23 from mom and 23 from dad) |
Sexual reproduction | Process of creating offspring by combining the DNA in gametes from two parents, and the resulting offspring are different than either parent |
Gamete | General name for a sex cell |
Sperm | Name for a male sex cell |
Egg | Name for a female sex cell |
Haploid | Adjective to describe a cell that has half the normal number of chromosomes (one copy of each chromosome - usually a gamete) |
Fertilization | Process of sperm and egg joining |
Zygote | The name for a fertilized egg before it starts doing mitosis |
Meiosis | Process division of the nucleus in which the nucleus shuffles DNA then divides twice to make four unique nuclei,one for each of four haploid daghter cells called gametes; a type of sexual reproduction |
Crossing over | The "shuffling" of DNA that happens during meiosis |
Sex chromosomes | The 23rd chromosome pair that makes the difference between males and females, XX for females, XY for males |