Question | Answer |
Acid | any compound with hydrogen ion activity greater than water (ph<7) |
Acidic solutions | solutions that have a ph scale value less than 7 |
Activation energy | energy necessary for a chemical reaction to occur |
Adaptation | increase from generation to generation of alleles of genes that allows a species to survive in their environment |
Adenosine triphosphate | cellular fuel; produce in the mitochondria |
Alkane | hydrocarbon with only single bonds |
Alkene | hydrocarbon with one double bond |
Alkyne | hydrocarbon with one triple bond |
Alleles | two or more different forms of a certain gene |
Anion | atom or molecule with a negative charge |
Atom | smallest part of an element that still retains all the original properties of the element |
Atomic mass | number of protons in the nucleus of the chemical element; the number of protons that defines a specific atom |
Atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus of the chemical element; the number of protons that defines a specific atom |
Autotroph | organism that is able to produce its own food |
Axon | part of the nerve cell that carries impulses away from the cell body and connects one neuron with another neuron over a synapse |
Base | any compound with hydrogen ion activity less than water (ph>7) |
Basic solutions | solutions that have a pH scale value greater than 7 |
Binomial nomenclature | two-word naming system that includes the universally accepted genus and species of each organism; developed by Carolus Linnaeus |
Catalyst | substance that controls the rate of a chemical reaction |
Cation | atom or molecule with a positive charge |
Cell | basic unit of all life |
Cell wall | outside, rigid layer that helps separate the inside and outside of prokaryotic and plant cells |
Celsius | metric temperature scale defined by melting point of ice (0 Celsius) and the boiling point (100 Celsius) |
Centrosome | microtubule organizing center that helps to form and organize the mitotic spindle during mitosis |
Charge | positive or negative distribution within an object |
Charles Darwin | evolutionary biologist who studied wild life on the Galapagos islands in the 1800s and wrote "On the Origin of Species" in which he explained adaptation and natural selection |
Chemical bonding | chemical attraction of atoms due to their electron arrangement |
Chemical reaction | dynamic event that alters the chemical makeup of of a molecule; a process that chemically transforms a set of substances into set |
Chemotaxis | release of chemicals by damaged cells that attract whit blood cells |
Chlorophyll | green pigment in plant |
Chloroplast | organelle that contains chlorophyll and is found in plants: used to carry out photosynthesis |
Chromatid | one of a pair of newly duplicated chromosomes that are still attached to one another; a pair of matching "sister" chromatids make up the duplicated chromosome |
Chromosomes | condensed, singke very long strands of DNA double helix located in the nucleus of a cell and containing hundreds of genes |