Question | Answer |
symbol | shorthand way to write the names of elements |
Rules for writing symbols | Uppercase-first letter, second letter lowercase, must be printed |
Where do symbols come from? | Some are the Latin, Greek or German names of the elements |
periodic table | a table of elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number |
periodic means | repeats at regular intervals |
Who was Dmitri Mendeleev? | Russian chemist who organized 63 known elements |
How are elements arranged in periodic table? | increasing atomic number |
atomic number indicates the number of ____ | protons |
Modern periodic law | the chemical properties repeat in a way that allows them to be arranged in columns and rows |
What are groups or families of elements? | vertical column with similar chemical properties |
How are the groups or families named? | After the first element in group |
What is the name for group V A? | Nitrogen |
What is the name for group VI A? | Oxygen |
What is the special name for group VII A? | halogens |
What is the name for group O? | noble or inert gases |
Elements in a group all have ____ | the same number of electrons in the outer energy level |
What are periods or series of elements? | horizontal rows |
What do all elements in a period have in common? | the same number of energy levels |
Location of an element in the table generally indicates the _____ of element it is | type |
Four groups into which elements can be classified depending on the number of electrons in the outermost shell | metals, non-metals, metalloids, noble gases |
Where are metals located on the periodic table? | left side of the staircase |
How many electrons do metals have in the outermost energy level? | 1, 2, 3 |
What do metals tend to do with electrons? | Lose them to non-metals |
Ion | charged particle |
valence | outer energy level of electrons |
When metals lose their electrons, what type of charge do their ions have? | +1, +2, +3 |
Where are the most active metals found? | lower left corner |
Why are the metals in the lower left corner most active? | They are furthest from the nucleus,least attracted by their own nucleus, and easily pulled away by another |
Name the most active metal | Francium (Fr) |
Metals are good conductors of which two forms of energy? | heat and electricity |
Where are non-metals located in the periodic table? | to the right of the staircase |
How many electrons do nonmetals have in the outermost energy level? | 4, 5, 6, or 7 |
How many electrons do nonmetals tend to gain? | 1, 2, 3 |
From what type of elements do they gain the electrons? | metals |
When nonmetals gain electrons, what type of charges do their ions have? | -1, -2, -3 |
Where are the most active nonmetals found? | upper right corner (excluding noble gases) |
Why are the upper right corner nonmetals the most active? | the outer electrons are nearest to the nucleus thus additional electrons are attracted by their nucleus most easily |
Name the most active nonmetal. | Fluorine (F) |
Are nonmetals good conductors of heat and electricity? | no |
metalloid | elements with some properties of both metals and nonmetals |
Where are metalloids found? | along the staircase |
Name the seven metalloids | B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po |
Metalloids are conductors, insulator or semi-conductors. | Semi-conductors |
What is a semi-conductor? | a substance that conducts electricity better than an insulator, but not as well as a conductor |
What are noble gases? | Atoms with a full outer energy level which seldom enters into chemical reactions |
Where are the noble gases located on periodic table? | group O or VIIIA- column furthest to the right |
How many electrons do noble gases have in their outermost energy level? | 8 except He with 2 |
Noble gases (do or do not) have electrical balance? | do- equal number of protons and electrons |
Noble gases (do, do not) have a need to react | do not |
2/3 of elements on periodic table are classified as ____. | metals |
Electron configuration | number of electrons in each energy level |