Question | Answer |
Cyanide signs | Histiotoxic anoxia - bright red mm |
Nitrate | Nitrite - toxic form.
Accumulates in lower plant.
Signs - hypemic hopxia, metHgb --> chocolate brown blood |
Cantharidin | Blister Beetles.
Vesicant |
Anatoxin | Anabena (cyanobacteria)
Neurotoxin & anti-cholinesterase |
Amatoxin | Amanita mushrooms.
4 phases, tend to die from acute hepatic failure |
Microcystin | Cyanobacteria.
Hepatocyte death |
Tetanospasmin | Tetanus.
Blocks inhibitory NTs |
Elapid venom | Cobra, Coral.
Neurotoxin irreversible binds - ascending flaccid paralysis |
Botulism toxin | Inhibits docking, fusion, and release of ACh - progressive flaccid paralysis |
Crotaline venom | Rattlesnakes.
Cytotoxins, neurotoxins, cardiotoxins, hemolysins, coagulants, anti-coagulants, kalikrein, hyaluronidase |
Acer rubrum | Red maple.
Intravascular hemolysis - Heinz bodies, metHgb |
Macadamia | Reversible paresis (mainly hind) |
Lilium | Easter lily, Tiger lily, Day lily
Renal tubular necrosis |
Vitis | Grapes/raisins.
Renal damage |
Centaurea | Yellow Star Thistle
Nigropallidal encephalomalacia.
Horses |
Veratrum | Hellbore.
Teratogenic - cyclops. Neurotoxin |
Xanthium | Cocklebur.
Inhibits ox phos - liver & renal damage |
Quercus | Oak.
Tannins - GI ulceration, acute renal tubular necrosis |
Acetaminophen | Liver necrosis + Heinz bodies
More toxic to cats
Acetylcystein antidote.
Ascorbic acid for metHgb. |
Amitraz | Depression, ataxia, mydriasis
Kills cats |
Brodifacoum | 2nd generation anti-coagulant - longer half life - tx for 4 weeks (oral K1).
Lag time of 2-5 days |
Bromethalin | More risk to cats.
Ataxia, cerebral edema, seizures |
Cholecalciferol | Hypercalcemia, isosthenuria, azotemia.
Antidote - pamidronate |
Ethylene glycol | Ca oxalate nephrosis, acidosis |
Zinc phosphide | Quick onset, strong emetic
Ataxia, seizures, hyperesthesia |
Strychnine | Severe hyperesthesia, hypersensitivity, extensor rigidity |
Metaldehyde | Hyperthermia, seizures, hyperesthesia |
Warfarin | 1st generation anti-coagulant = shorter half life |
Ibuprofen | Gastric ulcers, renal necrosis |
TCA's | Sedation vs. seizure
Arrhythmia, CV collapse, anti-cholinergic |
Organophosphates | SLUD MB |
OP Antidote | 2-PAM |
Onions | Extravascular hemolysis - Heinz bodies, metHgb |
Grapes | Renal failure, hypercalcemia |
Xylitol | Hypoglycemia.
Hepatic necrosis |
Methylxanthines | Chocolate, caffeine
Tachycardia, PVCs, CNS excitement |
Pyrethrins | More risk to cats.
Type II inhibit GABA |