| Question | Answer |
| Cyanide signs | Histiotoxic anoxia - bright red mm |
| Nitrate | Nitrite - toxic form.
Accumulates in lower plant.
Signs - hypemic hopxia, metHgb --> chocolate brown blood |
| Cantharidin | Blister Beetles.
Vesicant |
| Anatoxin | Anabena (cyanobacteria)
Neurotoxin & anti-cholinesterase |
| Amatoxin | Amanita mushrooms.
4 phases, tend to die from acute hepatic failure |
| Microcystin | Cyanobacteria.
Hepatocyte death |
| Tetanospasmin | Tetanus.
Blocks inhibitory NTs |
| Elapid venom | Cobra, Coral.
Neurotoxin irreversible binds - ascending flaccid paralysis |
| Botulism toxin | Inhibits docking, fusion, and release of ACh - progressive flaccid paralysis |
| Crotaline venom | Rattlesnakes.
Cytotoxins, neurotoxins, cardiotoxins, hemolysins, coagulants, anti-coagulants, kalikrein, hyaluronidase |
| Acer rubrum | Red maple.
Intravascular hemolysis - Heinz bodies, metHgb |
| Macadamia | Reversible paresis (mainly hind) |
| Lilium | Easter lily, Tiger lily, Day lily
Renal tubular necrosis |
| Vitis | Grapes/raisins.
Renal damage |
| Centaurea | Yellow Star Thistle
Nigropallidal encephalomalacia.
Horses |
| Veratrum | Hellbore.
Teratogenic - cyclops. Neurotoxin |
| Xanthium | Cocklebur.
Inhibits ox phos - liver & renal damage |
| Quercus | Oak.
Tannins - GI ulceration, acute renal tubular necrosis |
| Acetaminophen | Liver necrosis + Heinz bodies
More toxic to cats
Acetylcystein antidote.
Ascorbic acid for metHgb. |
| Amitraz | Depression, ataxia, mydriasis
Kills cats |
| Brodifacoum | 2nd generation anti-coagulant - longer half life - tx for 4 weeks (oral K1).
Lag time of 2-5 days |
| Bromethalin | More risk to cats.
Ataxia, cerebral edema, seizures |
| Cholecalciferol | Hypercalcemia, isosthenuria, azotemia.
Antidote - pamidronate |
| Ethylene glycol | Ca oxalate nephrosis, acidosis |
| Zinc phosphide | Quick onset, strong emetic
Ataxia, seizures, hyperesthesia |
| Strychnine | Severe hyperesthesia, hypersensitivity, extensor rigidity |
| Metaldehyde | Hyperthermia, seizures, hyperesthesia |
| Warfarin | 1st generation anti-coagulant = shorter half life |
| Ibuprofen | Gastric ulcers, renal necrosis |
| TCA's | Sedation vs. seizure
Arrhythmia, CV collapse, anti-cholinergic |
| Organophosphates | SLUD MB |
| OP Antidote | 2-PAM |
| Onions | Extravascular hemolysis - Heinz bodies, metHgb |
| Grapes | Renal failure, hypercalcemia |
| Xylitol | Hypoglycemia.
Hepatic necrosis |
| Methylxanthines | Chocolate, caffeine
Tachycardia, PVCs, CNS excitement |
| Pyrethrins | More risk to cats.
Type II inhibit GABA |