Question | Answer |
Neuromuscular Developmental Treatment (NDT): | approach developed by Karl and Berta Bobath based on the hierarchical model of neurophysiologic function. |
NDT Abnormal postural reflex activity and abnormal muscle tone is caused | by the loss of central nervous system control at the brainstem and spinal cord levels. |
NDT concept recognizes that interference of normal function of the brain caused by | central nervous system dysfunction leads to a slowing down or cessation of motor development and the inhibition of righting reactions, equilibrium reactions, and automatic movements. |
NDT The patient should learn to control movement through | activities that promote normal movement patterns that integrate function. |
Facilitation: . | A technique utilized to elicit voluntary muscular contraction |
Inhibition: . | A technique utilized to decrease excessive tone or movement |
Key points of control: | Specific handling of designated areas of the body (shoulder, pelvis, hand, and foot) will influence and facilitate posture, alignment, and control. |
Placing: | The act of moving an extremity into a position that the patient must hold against gravity. |
Reflex inhibiting posture: . | Designated static positions that Bobath found to inhibit abnormal tonal influences and reflexes |
NDT Inhibition of abnormal patterns | with facilitation of normal patterns |
NDT | Alteration of abnormal tone and influencing isolated active movement |
NDT | Avoid utilization of abnormal reflexes |
NDT | Manual contact and handling through key points of control for facilitation and inhibition |
NDT | Achieve a balance between muscle groups |
NDT | Use of developmental sequence |
Provide the patient with the sensation of normal movement | by inhibiting abnormal postural reflex activity |
NDT | Use of dynamic reflex inhibiting patterns |
NDT | Use of functional activities with varying levels of difficulty |
NDT | Treatment should be active and dynamic |
NDT | Avoid associated reactions |
NDT | Emphasize the component of rotation during treatment activities |
NDT | Orientation to midline control by moving in and out of midline with dynamic activity |
NDT | Compensation techniques are avoided and perceived as unnecessary |