Neuromuscular Developmental Treatment (NDT):

approach developed by Karl and Berta Bobath based on the hierarchical model of neurophysiologic function.

NDT Abnormal postural reﬂex activity and abnormal muscle tone is caused

by the loss of central nervous system control at the brainstem and spinal cord levels.

NDT concept recognizes that interference of normal function of the brain caused by

central nervous system dysfunction leads to a slowing down or cessation of motor development and the inhibition of righting reactions, equilibrium reactions, and automatic movements.

NDT The patient should learn to control movement through

activities that promote normal movement patterns that integrate function.

A technique utilized to elicit voluntary muscular contraction

A technique utilized to decrease excessive tone or movement

Key points of control:

Speciﬁc handling of designated areas of the body (shoulder, pelvis, hand, and foot) will inﬂuence and facilitate posture, alignment, and control.

The act of moving an extremity into a position that the patient must hold against gravity.

Reﬂex inhibiting posture: .

Designated static positions that Bobath found to inhibit abnormal tonal inﬂuences and reﬂexes

NDT Inhibition of abnormal patterns

with facilitation of normal patterns

Alteration of abnormal tone and inﬂuencing isolated active movement

Avoid utilization of abnormal reﬂexes

Manual contact and handling through key points of control for facilitation and inhibition

Achieve a balance between muscle groups

Provide the patient with the sensation of normal movement

by inhibiting abnormal postural reﬂex activity

Use of dynamic reﬂex inhibiting patterns

Use of functional activities with varying levels of difﬁculty

Treatment should be active and dynamic

Emphasize the component of rotation during treatment activities

Orientation to midline control by moving in and out of midline with dynamic activity

Compensation techniques are avoided and perceived as unnecessary

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neuro3 NDT

Question	Answer
Neuromuscular Developmental Treatment (NDT):	approach developed by Karl and Berta Bobath based on the hierarchical model of neurophysiologic function.
NDT Abnormal postural reﬂex activity and abnormal muscle tone is caused	by the loss of central nervous system control at the brainstem and spinal cord levels.
NDT concept recognizes that interference of normal function of the brain caused by	central nervous system dysfunction leads to a slowing down or cessation of motor development and the inhibition of righting reactions, equilibrium reactions, and automatic movements.
NDT The patient should learn to control movement through	activities that promote normal movement patterns that integrate function.
Facilitation: .	A technique utilized to elicit voluntary muscular contraction
Inhibition: .	A technique utilized to decrease excessive tone or movement
Key points of control:	Speciﬁc handling of designated areas of the body (shoulder, pelvis, hand, and foot) will inﬂuence and facilitate posture, alignment, and control.
Placing:	The act of moving an extremity into a position that the patient must hold against gravity.
Reﬂex inhibiting posture: .	Designated static positions that Bobath found to inhibit abnormal tonal inﬂuences and reﬂexes
NDT Inhibition of abnormal patterns	with facilitation of normal patterns
NDT	Alteration of abnormal tone and inﬂuencing isolated active movement
NDT	Avoid utilization of abnormal reﬂexes
NDT	Manual contact and handling through key points of control for facilitation and inhibition
NDT	Achieve a balance between muscle groups
NDT	Use of developmental sequence
Provide the patient with the sensation of normal movement	by inhibiting abnormal postural reﬂex activity
NDT	Use of dynamic reﬂex inhibiting patterns
NDT	Use of functional activities with varying levels of difﬁculty
NDT	Treatment should be active and dynamic
NDT	Avoid associated reactions
NDT	Emphasize the component of rotation during treatment activities
NDT	Orientation to midline control by moving in and out of midline with dynamic activity
NDT	Compensation techniques are avoided and perceived as unnecessary

Created by: micah10

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