Question | Answer |
Gross Anatomy of the Male | Scrotum, testis, epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens, seminal vesicles (make semen), ejaculatroy duct, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, urethra, penis (external & internal portions). |
Scrotum | Skin covered sac that holds testes. Provides cooler temp needed for normal sperm development & maturation-3C lower then internal body temp. Raphe-external ridge-like seam. Median septum. Dartos muscle-wrinkles & unwrinkles scrotum. Thermoregulation. |
Spermatic cord | CT cord that runs from testis through inguinal canal. Ductus deferens. Cremaster muscle lifts & lowers testes-thermoregulation. Testicular vessels & nerves-Pampiniform plexus-network of testicular veins. Thermoregulation-pre-cooling of arterial blood. |
Anatomy of the Testes | Produce sperm & androgens. Covered by tunica vaginaliss & tunica albuginea. Testicular lobules contain up to 4 seminiferous tubules. Efferent ductules connect testis to epididymis. |
Microscopic anatomy of the testes | Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells-line seminiferous tubules-form blood-testis barrier. Assist w/ sperm development. Interstitial cells (of Leydig)-In interstitial spaces around seminiferous tubules. Produce androgens-testosterone in response to LH. |
Sperm | Spermatogenesis begins at puberty in seminiferous tubules. Controlled by FSH & testosterone. Acrosome-cap over the nucleus containing digestive enzymes. Head contains nucleus. Midpiece with mitochondria. Tail-flagellum. |
Semen | Seminal fluid from the accessory glands combines w/ sperm from the testes to make up semen. Called ejaculate when released. Average ejaculation contains ~1tsp. of fluid & 200-500 million sperm. |
Three things that create seminal fluid (Accessory Glands) | Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland. |
Epididymis | Sperm become mature & fully motile. Sperm are ejaculated from storae in the epididymis. Non-ejaculated sperm degenerate in epididymis. |
Three layers of the Ductus (Vas) Deferens | 1. Mucosa-pseudostratified ciliated columnar. 2. Muscularis-Contracs to move sperm through the ductus deferens. 3. Adventitia. |
Vasectomy | Form of birth control where vas deferens is cut & closed. Sperm are created then reabsorbed by the cells of the epididymis. Ejaculate contains seminal fluid, no sperm. |
Ejaculatory duct | Carries sperm from ductus deferens to the urethra. |
Male Urethra | Transports semen & urine to the outside of the body. 1. prostatic urethra 2. membranous urethra 3. penile (spongy) urethra. |
Seminal Vesicles | Fructose: nourish sperm. Prostaglandins: widen & dilate cervix. |
Prostate gland | Citric acid: nutrient. Seminalplasmin: antibiotic combats UTI in males. Prostate specific antigen (PSA): liquefies semen after ejaculation. |
Bulbourethral glands | Mucus: protect urethra, lubricant for sex. |
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | Noncancerous enlargement of the prostate. Very common: >90% of men over 80 suffer from it. Nocturia: urination at night. Polyuria: more frequent urination. Dysuria: painful urination. |
Prostate cancer | Risk increases with age. Detected by digital rectal exam or PSA test. |
Penis | Root, shaft, and glans. Three erectile bodies: corpus spongiosum, corpora cavernosa (2). Dorsal veins. Deep arteries. |
Erection | Blood fills the erectile tissues. Deep arteries dilate. Blood is trapped in erectile tissues by compression of dorsal veins. Parasympathetic stimulus. |
Ejaculation | Expulsion of semen. Sympathetic stimulus. Orgasm. Urination is under parasympathetic stimulus. |
Prepuce | Skin covering glans. Removed during circumcision. |
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