| Term | Definition |
| Vestibulo Cerebellum | coordination of eye and head movement |
| Vestibulospinal Tract (spinal cord & inner ear) | postural sway; righting reactions |
| Reticulospinal Tract | equilibrium reactions; bigger balance reactions- not sways |
| Spinocerebellum | motor info; control proximal mm; deficits: hypotonia (intention shakes, get worse the closer they get to what they want), decreased rhythmic patterns (ie. gait), decreased movement accuracy |
| Hypotonicity | decreased mm tone |
| Asthenia | generalized weakness |
| Dysmetria | under/overestimation of movement to a target; error in force (crush a Styrofoam cup) |
| Decomposition of Movement | movements become broken into pieces |
| Gaze-Evoked Nystagmus | repetitive alternate eye movement that has a fast and slow alternate patterns |
| Ocular Dysmetria | overshooting with eyes before you find what you are looking for w/no pattern |
| Dysarthria | articulation dysfunction; speech not language |
| Anarthria | inability to produce speech; speech not language |
| Expressive Aphasia | language; Broca’s Area (Front lobe)
decreased speech production/ decreased language output. speech that is produced is garbled, inappropriate words (mixed words) |
| Receptive Aphasia | Wernicke’s Area (Temporal Lobe) not sure they understand. decreased language comprehension |
| Alexia | inability to read
left Occipital Lobe
Corpus Callosum damage |
| Agraphia | inability to write (anywhere in cerebrum due to complex nature of activity = motor skill (coordination, stability, posture)/cognitive skill) |
| Apraxia | Disorder of skilled/purposeful movement |
| Ideomotor Apraxia | ** Huge Problem
inability to complete motor activity in response to a verbal command (perform)
has no idea what that motor movement is in association with word |
| Agnosia | inability to recognize object (visually) BUT hearing and feeling is still intact |
| Bell’s Palsy | Peripheral, cranial, looks like CVA (face only)
sometimes confused w/ a stroke; always send as stroke to be sure that is not what it is if have facial paralysis
transient or permanent |
| Paralysis | Sensory is usually 1st affected process
Don’t have good sensory then will have motor issues
Hemiplegia: loss of voluntary muscular control and sensation on one side of the body only |
| C3, 4, 5 | “keep the diaphragm alive” |
| C1 through T1 | bilateral UE |
| Thoracic at level of supply | the lower in thoracic the more trunk control |
| Lumbar – L1&2 | hips |
| L2, 3 & 4 | Quads |
| L5 | 1st toe |
| Sacral | calf, hams, gluts |
| S2, 3, 4 | “keep pee and poo off floor” |
| Autonomic Dysreflexia | sit them up immediately to take blood away from heart
binder comes off
check catheter for kink |
| Stroke - CVA | hemiplegia (paralysis opposite side of CVA)
vascular event that causes destruction of tissue (actual loss of voluntary mm control and sensation)
actual damage to the brain w/ visual outcomes |
| TIA | focal neurologic symptoms that completely resolve in 24 hours
no tissue damage
moment in time |
| Ischemic Stroke | thrombosis or embolic occlusion (bone marrow, fat, etc…)
most common
heart most common source
2° neuronal damage - when blood decreases, may have collateral supply |
| Middle Cerebral Artery Syndrome | Most Common of *arteries involved*
Total blockage = contralateral hemiplegia and hemi-anesthesia
Motor & sensory loss (arm opposite side)
If dominant hemi affected global aphasia |
| Anterior Cerebral Artery Syndrome | Uncommon (because of Circle of Willis)
Blockage usually LE (leg) |
| Internal Carotid Artery Syndrome | Both arm & leg
usually affects areas supplied by MCA
symptoms of both anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA)
with Circle of Willis functioning may be asymptomatic |
| Posterior Cerebral Artery Syndrome | subthalamus, medial thalamus, midbrain
abnormal pain sensations, temp, proprioception and touch
sensations exaggerated |
| Vertebral and Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery | supply brainstem, medulla, cerebellum
collateral supply very effective (may not see symptoms)
Wallenberg Syndrome: vertigo, nausea, dysphagia (swallow)
Ipsilateral ataxia (same side) |
| Basilar Artery Syndrome | supplies brainstem
symptoms bilateral if basilar artery occluded
sensory and motor decrease of cranial nerves |
| Superior Cerebellar Artery Syndrome | severe ipsilateral Cerebellar ataxia
nausea, vomiting, dysarthria (slurred speech), Dysmetria (overshoot/undershoot) |
| Anterior-Inferior Cerebellar Artery Syndrome | ipsilateral deafness (unique), facial weakness, nausea, vomiting, nystagmus, ataxia |
| Lacunar Syndrome *moon shaped* | small infarcts at the end arteries
The more moon shapes the more s/s
ischemic necrosis and scarring
large majority are asymptomatic
s/s based on location |
| **For any questions regarding motion sickness choose | cerebellum** |
| Bilateral Intra-cerebral Hemorrhage (Stroke Option) | Bleeding from an arterial source
More damage
More involved …not as common
Most deadly type of stroke |
