Question | Answer |
Treiglad Meddal | Soft Mutations |
P: Put | B: Push Back |
T: That | D: To Do |
C: Cow | G: Cary Grant |
B: back | F: Basil Fawlty |
D: Down | Dd: Double Diamond |
G: Goober | (disappear): Gee Gee Gone |
M: Memorise | F: Mia Farrow |
Ll: Llama | L: Llanishen Ladies |
Rh: Rhapsodies | R: No Rhyme nor reason |
Mae treiglad meddal | Soft mutations after |
In negative forms of 'short' verbs in the Past and Future Tenses, not verbs begin with "c" "p" "t" | In negative forms of 'short' verbs in the Past and Future Tenses, not verbs begin with "c" "p" "t" |
In question forms of 'short' verbs in the Past and Future Tenses | In question forms of 'short' verbs in the Past and Future Tenses |
1 - after grammatical or notional subject of the sentence: | e.g: |
fe (sm)welodd Sioned (sm)gath | Sioned saw a cat (Sioned is the actual subject of the sentence) |
rhiad i Dafydd (sm)fynd | Dafydd has to go (Dafydd is the notional, though not grammatical, subject of the sentence) |
2 - after a feminine singular noun, or after the feminine singular definite article: | e.g: |
merch (sm)fach (but merched bach) | a little girl (little girls) |
y (sm) ferch (sm)fach (but y merched bach) | the little girl (the little girls) |
3 - after most monosyllabic prepositions, e.g: | e.g: |
bwrdd, ar (sm)fwrdd | table, on a table |
Caerdydd, i (sm)Gaerdydd | Cardiff, to Cardiff |
Lloegr, o (sm)Loeger | England, from England |
4 - after the following miscellaneous words, many of them very common: | e.g: |
dau (sm) | two masculine |
dwy (sm) | two feminine |
dacw (sm) | there is |
dyma (sm) | here is |
dyna (sm) | there is |
dy (sm) | your singular |
ei (sm) | his |
fe (sm) | affirmative particle |
go (sm) | fairly, quite |
mi (sm) | alternative particle |
mor (sm) | so (+ adjective, does not mutate ll- or rh-) |
neu (sm) | or |
pa (sm) | which |
pan (sm) | when |
pur (sm) | very |
pwy (sm) | which (south) |
rhy (sm) | too |
un (sm) | one feminine |
y, yr, 'r (sm) | the feminine singular |
yn (sm) | before nouns and adjectives (does not mutate ll- or rh-) |
5 - on verbs with personal endings generally in the spoken language: | e.g: |
talu, (sm)dales i | paid, i paid |
6 - on adverbs of time saying when something happened: | e.g: |
blwyddyn, (sm)flwyddyn yn ol | a year, a year ago |
dydd Llyn, (sm)ddydd Llun | Monday, on Monday |
7 - on the second of two words joined together as a compound: | e.g: |
prif + dinas = prifddinas | main + city = capital |
8 - after prefixes, e.g: | e.g: |
ym- + golchi | ym(sm)olchi |
af- + llwyddiannus | al(sm)fwyddiannus |
di- + gwaith | di(sm)waith |
gwrth + taro | gwrth(sm)daro |
Treiglad Trwynol | Nasal Mutations |
P: Put | (ym) mh |
T: That | (yn) nh |
C: Cow | (yng) ngh |
B: back | (ym) m |
D: Down | (yn) n |
G: Goober | (yng) ng |
Mae treiglad trwynol | Nasal mutations after |
1 - on nouns to indicate 'my-' sometimes with preceding 'y-' or (mostly in written language) 'fy'-: | e.g: |
plant, mhlant (i) (written fy mhlant) | children, my children |
car, nghar (i) (written fy nghar) | car, my car |
2 - after preposition yn 'in' with some spelling changes: | e.g: |
Dolgellau, yn (nm)Nolgellau | Dolgellau, in Dolgellau |
Cymru, yng (nm)Nghymru | Wales, in Wales |
Treiglad Llaes | Aspirate Mutations |
P: Put | ph |
T: That | th |
C: Cow | ch |
Mae treiglad llaes: | Aspirate mutation after: |
1 - after the following miscellaneous words: | e.g: |
a (am) | and |
รข (am) | with |
chwe (am) | six |
ei (am) | her posessive |
gyda (am) | with |
tri (am) | three masculine |
tua (am) | about, towards |
2 - in some regions only, on a negative verb with personal endings: | e.g: |
colli, cholles i ddim | lose, i didn't lose |
talu, thala i ddim | pay, i won't pay |